2023年小麦新基因挖掘和遗传改良新技术研究回眸  

Annual progress on new gene characterization and novel technology development for wheat genetic improvement in 2023

作　　者：叶兴国[1] 林志珊[1] 王轲[1] 唐华丽 韩志阳 YE Xingguo;LIN Zhishan;WANG Ke;TANG Huali;HAN Zhiyang(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第1期174-187,共14页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32272180)。

摘　　要：2023年小麦生物育种相关研究取得了重要进展:挖掘了调控小麦高产、抗病、抗旱、耐低温等性状相关的新基因,创制了具有高产、抗病、优质等性状的新种质,构建了大批量EMS突变体库,完善了利用引导编辑系统编辑小麦内源基因和诱导系诱导小麦单倍体的技术体系,丰富了小麦基因组测序数据的覆盖度和多态性。今后需要注重这些新基因、新种质、新技术和新测序数据在小麦育种中的应用,充分发挥它们的作用。尤其是尽可能将多个优良基因或性状进行聚合,培育兼具高产、多抗、优质等多个优良性状的小麦品种。同时,加强小麦抗蚜虫、耐高温和高光效等性状的研究,努力解决小麦生产中的实际问题。In the past year,dramatic progress on wheat genetic improvement was achieved,including the exploring of new genes related to high yield,disease resistance,and drought and low temperature tolerance,the development of new germplasms with ideal disease resistance and promising yield and good quality potential,the creating of EMS-induced mutants in a large scale,the improvement of prime editing technology used in wheat and haploid induction system by wheat edited mutant,and the enrichment of wheat genome sequencing data on coverage and polymorphism.In future studies,these genes,materials,technologies,and genome sequencing information should be better used in wheat breeding for fully playing their roles.Particularly,multiple available genes or traits can be pyramided by crossing or advanced techniques to develop ideal wheat varieties which have high yield,multiple resistances,and satisfying quality.Additionally,more researches on aphid resistance,high temperature tolerance,and high photosynthetic efficiency are necessary in this crop for reducing yield loss in wheat production.

关 键 词：小麦 生物技术 基因挖掘 遗传改良 种质资源 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]