陶渊明《五柳先生传》文体性质论  

A Discussion on the Literary Style of Tao Yuanming’s Biography of Mr.Wu Liu

作　　者：吴怀东[1] WU Huaidong(College of Liberal Arts,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学文学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2024年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

基　　金：教育部全国高校古籍整理工作委员会资助项目(1202)。

摘　　要：《五柳先生传》历来被视作反映陶渊明个人生活与思想的代表作,具有“实录”性质。然而,传主信息的模糊性、行为的传奇性却表明此文并非陶渊明个人生活的如实记录。实际上,汉代以来兴起的史书“杂传”为其提供了基本的文体要素,此文人物的类型化、内容的虚构性、精神的娱乐性与思想的寄托性表明其并非典型的“杂传”,而是在“杂传”基础上发展出来的具有鲜明的小说因素或小说性质—兼具典型性、叙事性、虚构性和寄托性—是作为现代文体意义上的单篇小说唐传奇的“前身”。陶渊明并非生活在社会主流之外,《五柳先生传》显示了陶渊明复杂深刻的生命体验和强大的文化创新能力及杰出的文学创造力,反映出其与社会主流文化的深刻互动。Biography of Mr.Wu Liu has traditionally been regarded as a work that reflects Tao Yuanming’s personal life and thought,characterized by its“factual record”nature.However,the ambiguity of the subject’s information and the legendary nature of his behavior suggest that this article is not a faithful account of Tao Yuanming’s personal life.In fact,the rise of“miscellaneous biographies”in historical writings since the Han Dynasty provided the basic stylistic elements for this work.The typification of the characters,the fictionality of the contents,the entertainment of spirit,and the implied thoughts indicate that it is not a typical“miscellaneous biography”.Instead,it is developed on the basis of“miscellaneous biographies”with distinct novelistic elements or characteristics,which is a precursor to the single-story novel in the modern sense of Tang legends,combining typicality,narrativity,fictionality,and implied thoughts.Tao Yuanming did not live outside the mainstream of society.Biography of Mr.Wu Liu reveals Tao Yuanming’s complex and profound life experiences and his strong cultural innovation ability,reflecting his deep interaction with mainstream culture and demonstrating his outstanding literary creativity.

关 键 词：陶渊明 《五柳先生传》 文体 散文 杂传 小说 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]