涉众型经济犯罪案件刑事责令退赔的司法适用——以被告人责任承担模式为焦点  

Judicial Application of Criminal Liability for Restitution in Mass Economic Crime Cases:Focusing on the Mode of Defendant's Liability Bearing

作　　者：陈维飞 Chen Weifei

机构地区：[1]山东法官培训学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《南海法学》2024年第1期55-65,共11页The South China Sea Law Journal

摘　　要：非法集资、非法吸收公众存款等涉众型经济犯罪涉案财物的处置一直是司法实践中的难点。责令退赔作为刑事涉案财物处置的手段,被告人退赔责任明确,有利于弥补受害人的损失,也关系到被告人的最终刑事责任。各被告人承担独立退赔责任,还是连带退赔责任或者混合责任,司法实务中一直存在较大争议。各地法院适用标准不一,皆因独立责任和连带责任有着不同的价值取向:独立责任模式的优势是避免共犯负担超出自己违法所得数额的退赔责任,实现共同犯罪违法所得的精准剥夺;连带责任模式的优势是能最大限度弥补被害人损失,实现共同犯罪违法所得的有效剥夺。司法实践不是简单地做加法或减法进行取舍,必须从责令退赔的性质和规范目的出发,考虑涉众型经济犯罪的特殊性、平衡被告人与被害人间的财产秩序,确定合理的退赔责任,实现犯罪违法所得剥夺的精准性和有效性的巧妙平衡。The disposal of assets involved in mass economic crimes such as illegal fundraising and illegal absorption of public deposits has always been a point of difficulty in judicial practice.Ordering repayment as a means of disposing of criminal assets,the clarification of each defendant's repayment obligation is beneficial for compensating the victims'losses and is also related to the ultimate criminal responsibility of the defendant.Whether each defendant bears separate repayment obligation,joint liability,or a mixture of both,has always been a major controversy in judicial practice.The application standards of courts in different regions vary due to the different value orientations of independent responsibilities and joint liabilities:the advantage of the independent responsibility model lies in avoiding accomplices from bearing repayment obligations that exceed their illegal gains,achieving precise stripping of illegal gains in joint crimes;the advantage of the joint liability model can maximize the compensation of victims’losses,achieving effective stripping of illegal gains in joint crimes.Judicial practice is not simply a matter of adding or subtracting to make choices,it must start from the nature and regulatory purpose of ordering repayments,considering the special nature of mass economic crimes,balancing the property order between the defendant and the victim,and determining a reasonable repayment responsibility to achieve a delicate balance between the precision and effectiveness of stripping illegal criminal gains.

关 键 词：责令退赔 连带责任 独立责任 违法所得 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]