“尸位素餐”新解  

A New Interpretation of“Shi Wei Su Can”(尸位素餐)

作　　者：谭生力[1] 李晓洁 Tan Shengli;Li Xiaojie(College of Liberal Arts,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030000)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学文学院,山西太原030000

出　　处：《语文学刊》2024年第1期22-27,共6页Journal of Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“楚系形近字与同形字考辨”(18BYY137);国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“出土楚文字疑难字整理、研究及数据库建设”(22VJXG058);山西省教学改革创新项目“新师范背景下汉语言文学专业学生汉字教学能力强化策略及实施路径”(J20220489);山西省研究生科研创新项目资助“‘大语文’背景下古文字知识在中小学语文疑难字词教学中的应用研究”(2023KY456)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“尸位素餐”这个成语意义较为明确,但是“尸位”为何?“素餐”为何?学界对此尚有一些争议。我们对“尸祭”相关研究成果进行了梳理,并且结合“尸”的分化字“居”含有闲居之意,对“尸位”词义进行了旁证。关于“素餐”的解释,我们在学界已有研究成果的基础上,结合“素”“索”二字的同源关系认为“素”是后起字,“素”在这里应该理解为索取之意,“素餐”可理解为不劳而获索取饭食之意,即吃白饭。The meaning of the idiom of“Shi Wei Su Can”is clear,but what is the meaning of“Shiwei(尸位)”?And what is the meaning of“Sucan(素餐)”?There are still some controversies in this field.We have sorted out the research results related to“Shiji(尸祭)”,and combined the meaning of“Shi(尸)”with the differentiated word“Ju(居)”,which contains the meaning of idle living,to paraphrase the meaning of“Shiwei(尸位)”.On the basis of the research results,the meaning of the word“Sucan(素餐)”has been paraphrased.Combining the cognate relationship of the characters“Su(素)”and“Suo(索)”,we believe that“Su(素)”is a later word,and“Su(素)”should be understood as meaning to ask for here,and“Sucan(素餐)”can be understood as meaning to ask for food without working,in other words,to eat without paying.

关 键 词：尸位 尸祭 居 素餐 素 索 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]