比较词源学视阈下西方自由逻辑批判与马克思的超越  

Comparative Etymological Perspectives on the Logic of Freedom in Western Political Thought:On the Critical and Revolutionary Nature of Marx's Concept of Freedom

作　　者：李刚[1] 荣瑶 LI Gang;RONG Yao

机构地区：[1]中共四川省委党校马克思主义学院,四川成都610071

出　　处：《党政研究》2024年第2期68-78,M0006,共12页Studies on Party and Government

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“新时代中国共产党强化共产主义理想信念的长效机制研究”(20XDJ002)。

摘　　要：“自由”是人类共同价值追求,但人们对“自由”的诠释却未达成共识,特别是在西方存在纷繁复杂的历史迷雾。当代中国的马克思主义研究不但要批判西方自由观,还要破除笼罩西方自由的历史迷雾,这需要深入探究马克思主义最初形成的理论土壤,从而真正把握马克思对西方自由思想的批判性和革命性本质。本文通过比较词源学的分析发现,西方“自由”的两种不同词汇表达(即“freedom”和“liberty”),具有不同的词源语境,同时对西方政治思想的自由逻辑产生了历史迷雾般的影响。只有揭示这些形成历史迷雾的源流本质,才能实现对西方自由思想的批判,而马克思正是用科学世界观和方法论破除历史迷雾,才形成具有批判性与革命性的自由观,对我们在新时代新征程增强实现人自由而全面发展的信心,具有重要的现实意义。"Freedom"is a universal pursuit of human values,yet interpretations of"freedom"remain diverse,especially amidst the complex historical ambiguities in the West.Contemporary Marxist studies in China not only critique Western notions of freedom but also seek to dispel the historical obscurities shrouding Western concepts of freedom.Moreover,it is crucial to delve into the Western context in which Marxism initially emerged to truly grasp Marx's transcendent understanding of Western freedom thought.Through etymological comparative analysis,this paper reveals that the two distinct expressions for"freedom"in the West,namely"freedom"and"liberty,"carry different etymological connotations and have cast a fog-like influence on the logic of freedom in Western political thought.Only by elucidating the essence of the origins of these historical ambiguities can we critique Western notions of freedom effectively.Marx,employing a scientific worldview and methodology,dismantled these historical ambiguities,thereby formulating a critical and revolutionary perspective on freedom.Such insights hold significant practical implications for bolstering our confidence in achieving comprehensive human freedom and development in the new era and journey.

关 键 词：比较词源学 马克思 自由观 批判性 革命性 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]