翘曲板材三维重构及智能化压平的建模研究  

Modeling research on three-dimensional reconstruction and intelligent flattening of warped plate

作　　者：马宝 马晓宝 兰媛 任玉成 刘云飞 马彦芝 王荣军 江连运[4] MA Bao;MA Xiaobao;LAN Yuan;REN Yucheng;LIU Yunfei;MA Yanzhi;WANG Rongjun;JIANG Lianyun(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;inistry of Education Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composite Forming Technology and Equipment,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Xi’an 710018,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,太原030024 [2]太原理工大学先进金属复合材料成形技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,太原030024 [3]中国重型机械研究所股份有限公司,西安710018 [4]太原科技大学机械工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2024年第5期875-886,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：山西省重大专项资助项目(20181102016);山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021222121);全国博士后基金资助项目(2021M702544);山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项资助项目(2020XXX001);山西省专利推广实施资助项目(2019013)。

摘　　要：为提高板材压平质量和效率,实现智能化压平,本文采用结构光相机获取翘曲板材点云数据,进行点云分割、点云去噪和点云精简等预处理,利用最小二乘法拟合重构了翘曲板材的三维曲面.采用微分几何的曲面理论计算得到板材的翘曲曲率,提出基于三维曲面特征的翘曲板材垫铁支点和压下点的优化方法,根据三点弯曲矫平理论得到了压力下和压下位移.翘曲板材三维轮廓的重构方法和翘曲曲率计算模型确定了垫铁位置和压下位置点优化原则,为翘曲板材智能化压平提供了理论模型.理论和实验的结果显示,重构的三维曲面与实际结果吻合,基于重构三维曲面数据计算的压平力与实测结果偏差大约为2.21%,初始平直度17.2 mm·m^(-1),压平矫直后减小为3.28 mm·m^(-1),结果准确,方法可行.To enhance the flattening quality and efficiency of plates and realize intelligent flattening,in this work,machine vision is utilized in place of manual recognition to realize accurate recognition of the three-dimensional(3D)contour of warped plates.Modeling research on the relevant processes of point cloud recognition,surface fitting,and flattening process is conducted.A structured light camera is utilized to obtain the point cloud data of the 3D contour of warped plates,and the recognition accuracy is found to meet the requirements of the flattening of the warped plate.Preprocessing of the point cloud data is conducted.The ground point cloud is segmented from the point cloud of the warped plate based on a shape model method.The inner outline of the ground point cloud is extracted,and afterward,the warped plate at any position is converted into a new pose,with the plate center serving as the origin of the camera coordinate system and the plate edge being parallel to the coordinate axis.It provides a foundation for acquiring the warped plate distribution in the coordinate system of the flattening machine,but it also facilitates subsequent point cloud denoising,which is conducted using conditional filters and distance-based techniques.Finally,the point cloud is simplified to enhance the computational efficiency using the principle of sparse sampling points.The 3D surface of the warped plate is reconstructed using the least-squares method.The curvature of the warped plate is computed using the surface theory in differential geometry,and the positions of the warped plate’s pad and pressing points are optimized based on the 3D surface features.Based on the three-point bending leveling theory,the screw-down force and displacement of warped plate are obtained.In comparison to the conventional modeling research of the flattening process based on the two-dimensional warping contour,we establish a reconstruction method of the warped plate’3D contour and a curvature model and determine the optimization principles for t

关 键 词：板材压平 结构光视觉 三维曲面 矫直理论 有限元仿真 

分 类 号：TG333.4[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]