高速铁路超大直径水下盾构隧道防灾疏散救援研究  

Research on Disaster Prevention and Evacuation Rescue of Super Large Diameter Underwater Shield Tunnel in High-speed Railway

作　　者：冯天炜 FENG Tianwei(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司,天津300308

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第4期138-144,共7页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发应用研究课题(2022A02480007)。

摘　　要：为确定隧道防灾疏散设计原则与防灾救援设计参数,以崇太长江隧道为背景,通过火灾工况下列车停靠位置进行分析,明确隧道防灾疏散原则,结合土建工程,提出3种防灾疏散方案:方案一,2号竖井作为紧急出口;方案二,2号与3号竖井作为紧急出口;方案三,1号、2号与3号竖井均作为紧急出口。采用疏散仿真模拟,以疏散时间作为对比指标进行对比评价,确定疏散口最优间距、合理疏散方案、避难所布设参数及救援方案。研究结果表明,当火灾列车在残余动力运行下不发生在隧道内停靠的情况时,防灾疏散救援仅针对列车故障工况;随疏散口间距增大,安全疏散时间与拥堵时间呈增长趋势,最优间距值为75 m,可避免人员拥堵;洞身紧急出口数量增加,可有效降低疏散控制时间,应结合土建工程,通过投资效果分析,确定推荐疏散方案;为确保疏散过程中的安全,利用轨下空间设置避难所作为待避空间,避难所参数为330 m×4.0 m×2.5 m(长×宽×高);隧道采用定点救援方式,疏散人员应按照就近原则选择避难所待避,并根据待避情况进行轨面救援。In order to determine the design principles and design parameters of disaster prevention and evacuation rescue in tunnel,the principles of disaster prevention and evacuation are clarified through analyzing the parking position of trains under fire conditions based on the Chongming-Taicang Yangtze River Tunnel.Combining with the civil engineering,three schemes of disaster prevention and evacuation are proposed for this project:the first scheme-shaft No.2 as an emergency exit,the second scheme-shafts No.2 and No.3 as the emergency exits,and the third scheme-shafts No.1 to No.3 as the emergency exits.The schemes are evaluated by the evacuation time that is used as the comparison index,and such technical parameters are determined as the optimal distance between the evacuation openings,the reasonable evacuation plan,the layout parameters of shelter and rescue plan.The research results show that the disaster prevention and evacuation in tunnel are only for the train failure condition,when the affected train would not stop in the tunnel with residual power.With the increase of the evacuation opening distance,the safe evacuation time and the congestion time would become longer,and the reasonable distance is 75 m,which could avoid congestion during the evacuation process.The increase in the number of emergency exits could effectively reduce the evacuation control time,the recommended scheme of evacuation would be determined through the investment effect analysis in combination with the civil engineering.In order to ensure the safety during the evacuation process,the shelter using the space under the track is set up for evacuees.The length of shelter is 330 m,the net width is 4.0 m,and the net height is 2.5 m.The fixed-point rescue method is adopted in the tunnel and the evacuees would stay in the nearest shelter waiting for track surface rescue.

关 键 词：高速铁路 水下盾构隧道 防灾疏散救援 疏散口间距 轨下避难所 疏散时间 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U455.43[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]