异质性要素替代弹性、有偏技术进步与中国结构转型  

Heterogeneous Elasticity of Factor Substitution,Biased Technical Change,and China's Structural Transfomation

作　　者：卓玛草[1] Zhuoma Cao(School of Economics,Northwest Normal University)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济学报》2023年第4期305-336,共32页China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目(2018XSH004)的资助。

摘　　要：本文为两部门异质性替代弹性提供了一个来自中国的研究,将有偏技术进步嵌入多部门结构转型模型,拓展AG和NP模型将“要素再平衡效应”纳入理论机制。基于中国1984年以来的数据,发现农业和非农业部门内部要素替代弹性小于1,部门间产品需求替代弹性大于1,基准模型较好地拟合了中国农业就业比重不断下降、非农业就业比重持续上升的结构转型特征。其中,相对价格效应和相对边际产出效应是决定结构变迁的主导机制,要素异质性替代弹性的影响非常有限。本研究启示是提高农业要素替代弹性是促进农业劳动向非农就业转移的关键,创新驱动增进非农业技术进步率培育增长新动能同时,需兼顾要素收入分配的方向。This paper provides a Chinese answer for the heterogeneous elasticity of substitution in two sectors.we develop a multi-sector model of structural change by allowing for biased technical change and factor rebalancing effect.Based on the data of China since 1984,it is found that the elasticity of factors substitution within agricultural and non-agricultural sectors is less than 1,and the elasticity of demand between sectors is greater than 1.The benchmark model well fits the structural transformation characteristics of the declining proportion of agricultural employment and the rising proportion of non-agricultural employment in China.Among them,the relative price effect and the relative marginal product effect are the dominant mechanisms determining the structural transformation,the impact of heterogeneous elasticity of factors substitution is very limited.Improving the elasticity of factor substitution is the key to promote migration from agricultural to non-agricultural sectors;accelerating technological progress to foster new drivers of growth,while taking into account the direction of income distribution of factors.

关 键 词：要素替代弹性 有偏技术进步 结构转型 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]