顶钵-夹茎组合式取苗装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the seedling pick-up device with ejecting pot-clamping stem combination

作　　者：张妮 张国忠[1,3] 付建伟 刘婉茹[1,3] 陈立明 唐楠锐 ZHANG Ni;ZHANG Guozhong;FU Jianwei;LIU Wanru;CHEN Liming;TANG Nanrui(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Water Resources Technical College,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi 435002,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北水利水电职业技术学院,武汉430070 [3]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070 [4]湖北师范大学电气工程与自动化学院,黄石435002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第3期50-61,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系专项资助项目(CARS-24-D-02);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201934)。

摘　　要：针对现有钵苗自动移栽技术中,夹钵式取苗方式受钵体强度及盘根性差异影响易导致钵体破损,降低取苗成功率,夹茎式取苗方式受茎秆强度及钵体与穴盘之间黏附力影响易造成伤苗、钵体不能取出等问题,该研究提出了一种顶钵-夹茎组合取苗方式,并进行了结构设计、装置试制与试验优化。对辣椒穴盘苗茎秆和钵体力学特性进行了测试,得到茎秆拉伸和径向压缩力学特性,及钵体拉拔与压缩力学特性,并建立了顶钵-夹茎组合式取苗装置在顶与夹过程中钵体和茎秆的受力模型,对取苗装置关键参数进行了设计。搭建试验台架,以“中农绿亨线椒363”穴盘苗为对象,以钵体含水率、取苗频率和顶钵高度为影响因素开展正交试验,结果表明经顶钵-夹茎取苗后的穴盘苗生长状态良好,确定最优水平为含水率45%,取苗频率60株/min,顶钵高度10 mm,该条件下钵体破损率为1.98%,取苗成功率为98%。田间试验表明平均取苗成功率为93.05%,株距合格率为88.17%。研究可为辣椒、番茄等旱地作物穴盘苗移栽技术改进优化提供参考。Automatic transplanting of plug seedling has limited for the two challenges.One is that the broken pot can be caused by the weak twining force between roots and soil,when the end of grippers is inserted into the pot to pick up the seedlings;Two is that the low success rate of seedling picking in the stem-pulling seedling picking mechanism,when the seedling claws clip and pull the stem,due to the weak adhesion force between the pot and the plug.In this study,a seedling picking device was proposed with ejecting pot-clamping stem.The picking up seedling was as follows:The pot was ejected by rod to clip out from the seedling,and then the stem was clamped by seedling clip,while seedling was pulled out of plug tray,seedling shift and releasing clip throwing.A series of tests were carried out on the structure design,the device trial and optimization.Taking"Zhongnong Luheng line pepper 363"plug seedlings aged 35 to 50 days as the object,the stem of plug seedling was tested to obtain the characteristic parameters,stem tensile and stem radial compression mechanical properties;The pot of plug seedling was tested to verify the parameters.The result shows that the maximum drawing force was 3.54-5.38 N,the elastic modulus of the pot was 30.64×10−3 MPa,the deformation at the yield point of the pot was 10.87 mm,and the pressure resistance was 12.33 N.The path was optimized for the picking up and throwing seedlings.The optimal path of picking up seedlings stretching along Y direction was 33.98%shorter than that along X direction.The stress models of the pot and stem were established during ejecting and clamping,according to the stem and pot physical properties of pepper plug seedlings.The key parameters of seedling picking up device were designed,including the seedling tray conveying device,the top ejecting device,and the seedling picking up mechanism.An optimal combination of parameters was achieved,where the diameter of the ejecting rod was 15 mm,the height of ejecting pot was 10-20 mm,the height of clamping stem was 20 mm,a

关 键 词：农业机械 移栽机 穴盘苗 取苗 顶钵-夹茎组合式 

分 类 号：S225.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]