振动挤压式荸荠收获机的设计与试验  

Design and test of vibration extrusion type water chestnut harvester

作　　者：吴泽栋 刘浩蓬[1] 张国忠[1] 周勇[1] 宿衍强 刘冉 WU Zedong;LIU Haopeng;ZHANG Guozhong;ZHOU Yong;SU Yanqiang;LIU Ran(College of Engineering/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院/农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第2期205-214,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-24-D-02)。

摘　　要：针对旱收荸荠(Eleocharis dulcis)时人工劳动强度大、作业效率低和果土分离困难的问题,设计了一种振动挤压式荸荠收获机。通过对作业过程中荸荠土块的受力分析,确定了影响分离性能的关键参数为振动板振幅、振动板振频和钉齿辊转速,并根据已有经验初步确定关键参数取值范围。以振动板振幅、振动板振频和钉齿辊转速为影响因素,以土层破碎率为评价指标,利用Design-Expert 10.0设计CCD中心组合试验,通过RecurDyn-EDEM耦合进行仿真,确定当振动板振幅为33.04 mm、振动板振频6.63 Hz、钉齿辊转速336.72 r/min时,存在较优破碎效果,土层破碎率为93.58%。以振动板实际振幅32.41 mm、振频6.5 Hz,钉齿滚转速330 r/min进行田间验证试验,结果显示,实际土层破碎率93.54%、明荠率80.33%、损伤率28.08%,碎土效果好,与仿真结果拟合度高。试验结果表明,通过增强土层破碎效果进而提高果土分离程度,使得分离后的荸荠抛撒在表层,便于人工捡拾。A vibration extrusion type water chestnut harvester was designed to solve the problems of high manual labor intensity,low operation efficiency,and difficulty in separating fruit and soil during dry harvesting of water chestnuts.The separated water chestnuts were scattered on the surface for easy manual picking by enhancing the effect of crushing the soil layer and improving the degree of fruit and soil separation.The key parameters affecting the separation performance were determined to be the amplitude of the vibration plate,the vibration frequency of the vibration plate,and the speed of the nail roller by analyzing the stress on the water chestnut soil block during the process of operation.The range of key parameter values was preliminarily determined according to the existing experience.Design-Expert 10.0 was used to design the CCD center combination test by using the amplitude of the vibration plate,the vibration frequency of the vibration plate,and the speed of the nail roller as the influencing factors,and the rate of soil fragmentation as the evaluation index.The results of simulating the RecurDyn-EDM coupling showed that there was a better crushing effect and the rate of soil fragmentation was 93.58%when the vibration frequency of the vibration extrusion plate,the vibration frequency of the vibration plate,and the speed of the nail roller was 33.04 mm,6.63 Hz,and 336.72 r/min,respectively.The results of field verification test showed that the actual rate of soil fragmentation,the rate of water chestnut,and the damage rate was 93.54%,80.33%,and 28.08%,respectively when the actual amplitude of vibration plate,vibration frequency and the speed of nail tooth was 32.41 mm,6.5 Hz,and 330 r/min,respectively.It is indicated that the effect of crushing soil is good,and the fitting degree with the results of simulation is high.

关 键 词：荸荠 收获机械 振动挤压破碎 RecurDyn-EDEM耦合仿真 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]