WTO国有企业相关问题:局限、趋势及对策  

Related Issues of State-Owned Enterprises in the WTO:Limitations,Trends,and Countermeasures

作　　者：赵威[1] ZHAO Wei(School of International Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《经济问题》2024年第4期13-20,共8页On Economic Problems

摘　　要：国有经济已经成为世界经济的重要组成部分,在全球范围内形成了不容小觑的竞争力量。为避免国有企业利用自身优势扭曲国际贸易,世界贸易组织采取“利益接受者”与“利益提供者”两种范式对国有企业相关问题作出规定,形成国有企业的基本规则框架,但相应规则存在适用范围有限、约束色彩较弱及界定标准不清等缺陷,为确保国有企业公平贸易及合规经营带来法律障碍。新一代国际经贸相关规则以竞争中立原则为导向,具有扩展国有企业非歧视义务、强化商业考虑要求及透明度要求、发展非商业援助条款及确立例外与过渡条款的趋势,一定程度上反映了多边贸易体系关于国有企业问题的改革方向。中国应以相应趋势为导向,通过参与国有企业规则谈判、争取例外与过渡条款、深化国有企业混合所有制改革及完善国有企业信息披露义务等方法,应对国有企业规则变革。The state-owned economy has become an important component of the world economy,forming a significant competitive force on a global scale.To avoid state-owned enterprises using their own advantages to distort international trade,the World Trade Organization adopts two paradigms of“benefit recipients”and“benefit providers”to regulate the issue of state-owned enterprises,forming a basic rule framework for state-owned enterprises.However,the corresponding rules have limitations in their scope of application,weak binding effects,and unclear recognition standards,bringing legal obstacles to the ensuring fair trade and compliant operation of stateowned enterprises.The new generation of international economic and trade related rules are guided by the competitive neutrality principle,which has the trend of expanding the non-discrimination obligations of state-owned enterprises,strengthening commercial considerations and transparency requirements,developing non-commercial assistance clauses,and establishing exceptions and transitional clauses.To a certain extent,it reflects the reform direction of the multilateral trade system regarding state-owned enterprise issues.China shall be guided by corresponding trends and respond to the reform of state-owned enterprise rules by participating in negotiations on stateowned enterprise rules,striving for exceptions and transitional clauses,deepening mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises,and improving information disclosure obligations of state-owned enterprises.

关 键 词：世界贸易组织 国有企业 竞争中立原则 国有企业规则改革 

分 类 号：F271.1[经济管理—企业管理] DF961[经济管理—国民经济]