基于行动研究法的蒙台梭利进食训练对阿尔茨海默病患者进食行为的影响  

Effect of action research-based Montessori feeding training on feeding behavior of Alzheimer's disease patients

作　　者：朱如璜 郑慧慧 王婉慧 王贞[1] ZHU Ruhuang;ZHENG Huihui;WANG Wanhui;WANG Zhen(Ward 17,Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第一医院神经内科17病区,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2024年第4期605-608,708,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY19H090013)。

摘　　要：目的基于行动研究法建立蒙台梭利进食训练,观察其对阿尔茨海默病患者进食行为的影响,为提高患者自主进食能力,减轻照护者负担提供理论依据。方法采用随机数字表法将2022年3月—2023年3月于温州医科大学附属第一医院诊疗的104例阿尔茨海默病患者分为2组,对照组(52例)给予常规进食照护干预,观察组(52例)给予基于行动研究法的蒙台梭利进食训练干预,比较2组干预前后进食行为、进食能力及营养状况。结果观察组干预后异常进食行为发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)、自主进食时间[(17.89±3.11)min]长于对照组[(11.34±2.10)min,t=13.568,P<0.05],进食行为量表(EBS)[(14.23±3.14)分]高于对照组[(10.12±2.67)分,t=9.076,P<0.05],爱丁堡痴呆进食评估量表(EdFED)[(10.13±2.11)分]低于对照组[(16.34±3.56)分,t=11.906,P<0.05],微型营养评估量表(MNA)[(10.67±2.18)分]高于对照组[(8.33±1.14)分,t=10.987,P<0.05],BMI(20.47±4.12)与对照组(20.24±4.67)比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.675,P>0.05)。结论基于行动研究法的蒙台梭利进食训练对减少阿尔茨海默病患者的异常进食行为,提高进食能力,防止营养不良具有积极的作用。Objective To establish Montessori feeding training based on action research method,observe its influence on eating behavior of patients with Alzheimer's disease,so as to provide theoretical basis for improving patients'ability to eat independently and reducing the burden of caregivers.Methods A total of 104 patients with Alzheimer's disease treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from March 2022 to March 2023 were divided into two groups by random number table method.The control group(52 cases)received routine feeding care intervention,and the observation group(52 cases)received Montessori feeding training intervention based on action research method.The eating behavior,eating capacity and nutritional status of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention.Results The incidence of abnormal eating behavior in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the time of eating independently was longer than that in the control group[(17.89±3.11)min vs.(11.34±2.10)min,t=13.568,P<0.05].The score of eating behavior scale(EBS)was higher than that of control group(14.23±3.14 vs.10.12±2.67,t=9.076,P<0.05),and the Edinburgh feeding evaluation in dementia scale(EdFED)was lower than that of control group(10.13±2.11 vs.16.34±3.56,t=11.906,P<0.05),the score of mini nutritional assessment(MNA)was higher than that of control group(10.67±2.18 vs.8.33±1.14,t=10.987,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups(20.47±4.12 vs.20.24±4.67,t=0.675,P>0.05).Conclusion Montessori feeding training based on action research has a positive effect on reducing abnormal eating behavior,improving eating ability and preventing malnutrition in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 蒙台梭利进食训练 行动研究法 进食行为 营养状况 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R473.74[医药卫生—临床医学]