马铃薯跳跃高度与分离时间试验研究  

Experimental Study on Potato Jumping Height and Separation Time

作　　者：刘成龙 邓伟刚[1] 李俊儒 闫东 任志琦 Liu Chenglong;Deng Weigang;Li Junru;Yan Dong;Ren Zhiqi(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第5期121-128,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31901409);内蒙古自然科学基金博士基金项目(2019BS05012);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2022MS05027)。

摘　　要：针对现有马铃薯收获机摆动筛式薯土分离筛装置破皮率和分离输送效率两者难以平衡的问题,对马铃薯输送分离作业进行了室内试验,确定了影响马铃薯破皮率和分离输送效率的主要作业参数。以马铃薯在摆动分离筛上的最大跳跃高度和分离时间为指标进行室内单因素试验和正交试验。单因素试验表明:马铃薯在摆动分离筛上最大跳跃高度与马铃薯质量、曲柄转速呈正相关,与筛杆间距、筛面倾角呈负相关;分离时间与筛杆间距呈正相关,与马铃薯质量、曲柄转速、筛面倾角呈负相关;筛杆材料65Mn-橡胶表现较好。正交试验表明:影响马铃薯最大跳跃高度的主次顺序为筛杆材料>筛杆间距>筛面倾角>曲柄转速;影响马铃薯分离时间的主次顺序为筛面倾角>筛杆间距>曲柄转速>筛杆材料;较优的分离筛参数组合为曲柄转速200r/min、筛面倾角21.7°、筛杆材料65Mn-橡胶、筛杆间距50mm。得到的试验数据和结论可为马铃薯输送分离装置的结构改进和参数优化提供参考。Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to balance the peeling rate and the separation and transportation efficiency of potato soil separation and screening device of potato harvester,laboratory tests were carried out on potato transportation and separation operation,and the main operation parameters affecting potato pee1ing rate and separation and transportation efficiency were determined.On the swing separation screen in a potato jumping height and separation time is of the biggest indicators indoor single factor test and orthogonal test,single factor experiment:the maximum jumping height of potato on the swing separation screen is positively correlated with potato quality and crank speed,and negatively correlated with screen rod spacing and screen surface inclination;the separation time was positively correlated with the spacing of sieve rods,and negatively correlated with potato quality,crank speed and sieve surface inclination;the screen rod material 65Mn-rubber performs well.The orthogonal test showed that the order of influencing the maximum jumping height of potato was separation sieve rod materials>separation sieve rod interval>separation sieve angle of tilt>crank speed.The order of influencing potato separation time was separation sieve angle of tilt>separation sieve rod interval>crank speed>separation sieve rod materials.The optimal separation screen parameters are as follows:crank speed 200r/min,separation sieve angle of tilt 21.7°,separation sieve rod materials 65Mn-rubber,separation sieve rod interval 50mm.The experimental data and conclusions in this paper can provide reference for the structural improvement and parameter optimization of potato conveying and separating device.

关 键 词：马铃薯 薯土分离筛 跳跃高度 分离时间 破皮率 

分 类 号：S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]