鄂尔多斯典型煤矿不同功能区水化学与微生物群落特征及环境响应  

Hydrochemistry and microbial community characteristics and environmental response in different functional zones of a typical coal mine in Ordos

作　　者：张莉 徐智敏[1,2] 孙亚军 朱璐璐[1,3] 陈歌 高雅婷 赵先鸣[1] ZHANG Li;XU Zhimin;SUN Yajun;ZHU Lulu;CHEN Ge;GAO Yating;ZHAO Xianming(School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Fundamental Research Laboratory for Mine Water Hazards Prevention and Controlling Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;China Coal Aerial Survey and Remote Sensing Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710199,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]矿山水害防治技术基础研究国家级专业中心实验室,江苏徐州221116 [3]中煤航测遥感集团有限公司,陕西西安710199

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2023年第12期180-196,共17页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1805400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42172272,42102290)。

摘　　要：为探究煤矿井下不同功能区的微生物群落分布及其对水文地球化学特征的响应,以鄂尔多斯某矿为研究对象,在涉及矿井水的来源、形成、汇集和排放全过程的6个功能区中采集了24份水样,进行水化学组分检测和微生物16S rRNA基因高通量测序,并采用多元统计方法进行序列数据处理。研究结果表明:矿井水的水化学类型继承了其直接充水水源,均为高矿化度的SO_(4)Na型,而特征污染物SO_(4)^(2-)在煤巷和地表水池中浓度最高。不同功能区的微生物群落组成差异明显:属水平上检出的优势菌属包括能氧化硫化物的发硫菌属和硫氧化菌属,以及可降解有机物的新鞘氨醇杆菌属和短波单胞菌属等在煤巷、采空区中分布较高;好氧的Uliginosibacterium和具有极强吸附力且能降解有机物的不动杆菌属在岩巷中丰度最高;与氮循环有关的噬氢菌属和红细菌属在水仓和地表水中分布较高。微生物群落与水化学过程响应灵敏且关系密切;井工煤矿微生物群落分布不仅与C、N、Ca、Mg等营养元素相关,还与Fe、COD和SO_(4)^(2-)等氧化还原敏感物质密切相关。煤巷和采空区是地下水污染防控的关键区域;开采扰动后,煤中伴生的低价硫化物在化学氧化和硫氧化菌的催化氧化作用下生成大量SO_(4)^(2-);然而,当工作面停采半年到3年后,在物理或化学吸附、沉淀作用(前期占主导),以及硫酸盐还原菌的还原作用下(后期占主导),SO_(4)^(2-)降低了15%~34%,这说明采空区具有一定的自净能力。综上所述,研究成果可为矿井水污染防控的工程应用提供以下理论支撑:一方面可通过通氮气保持工作面的厌氧条件,从源头上减少SO_(4)^(2-)的生成;另一方面可以筛选、培养硫酸盐还原菌和有机物降解菌,制作成生物材料投加到井下进行原位地下水污染修复。To explore the distribution of microbial communities in different functional zones of coal mine and their response to hydrogeo-chemical characteristics,a coal mine in Ordos was taken as the research object.24 water samples were collected from six typical function-al zones involved in the whole process of the mine water source,formation,collection and discharge.Hydrochemical components detec-tion and high-throughput sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA genes were carried out.and multivariate statistical methods were used for se-quence data processing.The results showed that the hydrochemical type of mine water was high salinity SO4-Na type,which directly inher-SO_(4)^(2-)ited the supplied water-source,while the concentration of characteristic pollutant was highest in coal roadways and surface water pools.The compositions of microbial communities in different functional zones presented significant differences.The dominant bacterial genera detected at the genus level included Thiothrix and sulfur oxidizing bacteria that could oxidize sulfides(i.e.,Thiothrix and Sulfuri-curvum),as well as new Sphingobacteria and Shortwave Monocmonas that can degrade organic matter(i.e.,Novosphingobium and Brevundimonas),while they distributed relatively high in coal tunnels and goafs.The abundances of aerobic Uliginosibacterium and Acinetobacter with strong adsorption and organic degradation,was highest in rock roadways.Bacteria related to nitrogen cycle(i.e.,Hy-drogenophaga and Rhodobacter)accounted for the higher proportion in water sumps and surface water.Microbial communities were sens-itive and closely related to the hydro-chemical processes.The distribution of microbial communities in underground coal mine was not SO_(4)^(2-)only related to nutrients such as C,N,Ca and Mg,but also closely interrelated to redox sensitive substances such as Fe,COD and.Coal roadways and goafs are the key zones for groundwater pollution prevention and control.After mining disturbance,the low valent SO_(4)^(2-)sulfides associated with coal have generate

关 键 词：煤矿开采 微生物群落 水化学特征 生物地球化学作用 矿井水 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]