熵权模糊改进法在宁夏黄河水质评价中的应用  

Application of Entropy Weight Fuzzy Improvement Method in Water Quality Evaluation of Yellow River in Ningxia

作　　者：闫翔 郭中华[1,2] 王颖[1] 石甜甜 YanXiang;Guo Zhonghua;Wang Ying;Shi Tiantian(School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception of Desert Information,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学电子与电气工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学沙漠信息智能感知重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处：《黑龙江科学》2024年第6期60-64,68,共6页Heilongjiang Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于高光谱遥感数据的银川城市湿地植被、土壤、水体特征信息提取方法与反演模型研究”(62365016);2023年中央引导地方科技发展专项(宁夏)“基于深度学习的遥感图像宁夏地区水体识别与水质反演算法研究”(2023FRD05034);宁夏大学研究生创新项目(CXXM202221)。

摘　　要：为了解宁夏境内黄河流域的水质状况,选取银古公路桥、平罗黄河大桥、中卫香山湖、吴忠金沙湾、固原沟圈5个监测断面在2021年4月、6月、8月、12月4个时期的溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷、总氮5项评价指标,共获得80组水样。针对熵权模糊评价法在权重趋于1时其微小变化会引起熵权成倍变化的病态问题和由于最大隶属度原则不能普遍适用而导致评价失效的问题,提出了一种熵权模糊改进的评价方法,通过改进熵权法确定权重和加权等级,建立改进的模糊综合评价模型,对水质样品进行水质分析和综合评价。结果表明,在权重分配方面,相比于隶属度法和传统的熵值法,改进熵权法分配的权重更为合理;在水质评价方面,加权等级法评定出的结果更符合研究区域的真实水质状况;宁夏境内黄河流域Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类水质占比超过90%,水质状况良好,5个断面4个时期的水质综合评价结果显示,12月份的水质最优,Ⅰ类水质占比85%;对水质的时空分析显示氨氮为全局性污染因子,溶解氧为区域性污染因子。改进的模糊综合评价模型对宁夏黄河水质的评价结果更为客观合理。In order to know the water quality of the Yellow River Basin in Ningxia,a total of 80 sets of water samples are obtained from 5 monitoring sections of Yingu Highway Bridge,Pingluo Yellow River Bridge,Zhongwei Xiangshan Lake,Wuzhong Jinsha Bay and Guyuan Gouyuan in April,June,August and December,2021.Aiming at the pathological problem that a small change in the entropy weight of the entropy weight fuzzy evaluation method tends to be 1 and the problems that lead to evaluation failure due to the principle of maximum membership cannot be universally applied,a fuzzy and improved evaluation method of entropy weight is proposed,the weight and weighting level are determined by improving the entropy weight method,and an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to analyze and comprehensively evaluate the water quality of water samples.The results show that compared with membership degree method and traditional entropy value method,the improved entropy weight method is more reasonable in weight distribution.The result of weighted grade method is more in line with the real water quality of the study area in water in water quality evaluation.The proportion of class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ water quality in the Yellow River basin in Ningxia is more than 90%,and the water quality is good.The comprehensive evaluation results of water quality in 5 sections and 4 periods show that the water quality in December is the best,and the proportion of Class Ⅰ water quality is 85%.Temporal and spatial analysis of water quality shows that ammonia nitrogen is the global pollution factor and dissolved oxygen is the regional pollution factor.The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model evaluates the water quality of the Yellow River in Ningxia more objectively and reasonably.

关 键 词：宁夏黄流域 最大隶属度原则 熵权模糊改进法 水质评价 水质分析 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]