“如果”句功能的类型学考察  

University Press,1990.A Functional Typological Study of“ruguo”-Construction

作　　者：吴炳章[1] 姜彩璨 许冰 WU Binɡ-zhɑnɡ;JIANG Cɑi-cɑn;XU Binɡ(College of Foreign Languages,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong 266100)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学外国语学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《汉语学习》2024年第2期22-32,共11页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉英条件句的情境认知对比研究”(项目编号:20BYY008)资助。

摘　　要：“如果”句的语义结构和用法复杂多样,但学界对该结构的功能类型分析过于笼统。文章通过语料库梳理书面语中“如果”句的结构特点和语篇关系,对其进行了功能分类。从功能视角看,“如果”句在知识域、语言域和人际域中分别发挥前提限定、语篇建构和会话修辞等功能。根据从句和主句的意义关系,“如果”句可以分为蕴含条件句和非蕴含条件句。各类“如果”句的功能各有句法语义特征。从各类“如果”句的用法分布看,“如果”句的主要功能是表达推理关系,其次是语篇关系,再次是话语修辞。Although“ruguo”-construction is complicated in terms of the semantic relations between the subclause and matric clause,and this construction serves multiple functions on various occasions,data show that researches of this construction only center on some facets and systemic findings are lacking.Drawing on the data from the corpus,the research presents a functional taxonomy of“ruguo”-construction after examining it in terms of syntactical features,discourse configuration,and cognitive domains.Viewed from the functions it serves,“ruguo”-construction can circumscribe the informational content of the premises in epistemological domain,mould discourse structure in language domain,and generate certain rhetorical effect in interpersonal relation domain.The“ruguo”-construction can be classified into implicatives and non-implicatives according to the semantic relations between the subclause and matric clause.When it comes to the distributional feature of“ruguo”-construction regarding the function it serves,the highest percentage of the construction serves inferential function,which is followed by the discourse-building function.The least percentage of“ruguo”-construction is employed as conversational rhetorical strategies.

关 键 词：“如果”句 假设条件句 间接条件句 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]