秸秆不同还田模式下磷钾释放特征及其对玉米产量的影响  

Characteristics of straw phosphorus and potassium release and their effects on maize yield under different straw returning patterns

作　　者：刘熙明 王滢渺 田洪涛 任姿姿 王少杰 高强[1] 冯国忠[1] LIU Xi-ming;WANG Ying-miao;TIAN Hong-tao;REN Zi-zi;WANG Shao-jie;GAO Qiang;FENG Guo-zhong(College of Resources and Environment of Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Jilin Province Commodity Grain Base Soil Resources Sustainable Utilization,Changchun Jilin 130118)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院/吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第1期157-165,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500702-4);国家自然科学基金(U19A2035);吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(JJKH 20210358KJ)。

摘　　要：连续两年(2021—2022年)在吉林省四平市设置田间定位试验,采用尼龙网袋法测定覆盖(SM)和翻压(SB)两种秸秆还田方式和不施氮肥(N0)、180 kg·hm^(-2)(N180)两种施氮水平下秸秆磷、钾释放率,旨在明确黑土区玉米秸秆磷、钾释放规律对还田方式和氮肥管理的响应及其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,还田方式与施氮显著影响秸秆磷、钾释放,SB处理秸秆磷两年累积释放率平均为69.7%,显著高于SM处理的54.5%;与N0处理相比,施氮处理秸秆磷释放率提高了12.3%。SB处理秸秆钾两年累积释放率平均为95.6%,显著高于SM处理的94.2%;而施氮对秸秆钾累积释放影响同样显著,肥料氮素投入使秸秆钾累积释放率提高1.1%。通过对秸秆磷、钾替代潜力的估算,认为秸秆磷对磷肥(P2O5)替代潜力较低,为9.1 kg·hm^(-2);但秸秆钾对钾肥(K_(2)O)替代潜力较高,为141.0 kg·hm^(-2)。两年间还田方式对玉米产量无明显影响,但玉米穗粒数存在一定差异。SB处理玉米穗粒数为430粒·穗^(-1),显著高于SM处理的409粒·穗^(-1)。而施氮则明显促进了产量的形成,提高了玉米产量,与N0处理相比,两年玉米产量平均增加7707 kg·hm^(-2)。通过结合秸秆磷、钾养分释放综合分析,认为在黑土区充足氮素供应条件下以翻压方式进行秸秆还田,秸秆释放的磷、钾养分有利于穗粒的形成,从而保障产量稳定。In this study,a field experiment was conducted in Siping City,Jilin Province for two consecutive years(2021-2022).The nylon mesh bag method was used to determine the release rate of straw phosphorus and potassium under two straw returning methods of straw mulch(SM)and straw bury(SB)and two nitrogen application levels of no nitrogen fertilizer(N0)and N 180 kg·hm^(-2)(N180).The purpose of this study was to clarify the response of maize straw phosphorus and potassium release to returning methods and nitrogen fertilizer management in black soil area and its effect on maize yield.The results showed that returning methods and nitrogen application significantly affected the release of phosphorus and potassium from straw.The average two-year cumulative release rate of phosphorus in SB treatment was 69.7%,which was significantly higher than 54.5%in SM treatment.Compared with N0 treatment,the phosphorus release rate of straw increased by 12.3%.The average two-year cumulative release rate of straw potassium in SB treatment was 95.6%,which was significantly higher than 94.2%in SM treatment.The effect of nitrogen application on the cumulative release of straw potassium was also significant,and the fertilizer nitrogen input increased the cumulative release rate of straw potassium by 1.1%.By estimating the substitution potential of straw phosphorus and potassium,it was considered that the substitution potential of straw phosphorus to phosphorus fertilizer(P2O5)was low,which was 9.1 kg·hm^(-2).However,the substitution potential of straw potassium for potassium fertilizer(K_(2)O)was higher,which was 141.0 kg·hm^(-2).The two-year returning method had no significant effect on maize yield,but there was a certain difference in the number of grains per ear.The number of grains per ear of maize was 430 grains·ear^(-1),which was significantly higher than that of 409 grains·ear^(-1).Nitrogen application significantly promoted the formation of yield and increased the yield of maize.Compared with N0 treatment,the yield of maize increa

关 键 词：秸秆还田方式 施氮 秸秆磷 秸秆钾 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]