自然语义元语言方法适用性反思  

Rethinking the Applicability of Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach

作　　者：何洋洋 He Yang-yang(School of Russian,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学俄语学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《外语学刊》2024年第2期105-111,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“俄罗斯当代认知语言学研究”(23JJD740001);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“面向全球突发公共事件的俄英汉应急交际元语言研究”(22YYC338);黑龙江省经济社会发展重点研究课题(外语学科专项)“基于NSM理论的俄汉语文化脚本对比研究”(WY2022052-C)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自然语义元语言方法的核心是语义基元构成的释文。在词汇语义和语法语义分析中,该方法适用性较强,因为它通过语义基元的有无、多寡及不同组合方式来解释相关语言学现象,语义基元与结论直接关联,充分体现了该方法的研究特色。在语言文化分析中,该方法的适用性则较差,因为语义基元并未对相关语言学现象作出解释,在得出结论过程中并未发挥实质作用,只是将用传统方法得出来的结论用语义基元构成的释文重新表述一遍。本研究一方面对自然语义元语言学派半个世纪以来使用的语义学研究方法作方法论层面的反思,有助于深化对该学派理论体系的认识;另一方面,提出将“应用语言学方法和得出结论之间是否存在直接关联”作为评价语言学方法“适用性”的标准。The core of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach(NSM-approach)is the explication composed of semantic primes(SPs).In lexical-semantic and grammatical-semantic analyses,the method is more applicable,because it explains the relevant linguistic phenomena through the presence or absence of SPs,and different combinations of them,and the SPs are directly related to the conclusions,which fully reflects the research characteristics of the approach.In linguistic and cultural analyses,the approach is less applicable,because the SPs do not explain the relevant linguistic phenomena,and do not play a substantial role in the process of drawing conclusions,but only rephrase the conclusions obtained by the traditional approaches with the explication composed of SPs.On the one hand,this study reflects on the methodological level of the semantic research methods used by the Natural Semantic Metalanguage school for half a century,which helps to deepen the understanding of the school's theoretical system;on the other hand,it proposes that""whether or not there is a direct correlation between the application of linguistic approach and the drawing of conclusions"could be used as a criterion for evaluating the"applicability"of linguistic approach.

关 键 词：自然语义元语言 韦日比茨卡 语义基元 语言学研究方法 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]