日本在朝鲜的药材调查与18世纪日本本草研究的转变  

The 18^(th)-Century Transformation of Japanese Study of Honzo and the Survey of Materia Medica in Korea

作　　者： AN Shuyin

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学世界史系,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期141-152,共12页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：以《药材质正纪事》为中心,考察江户时代德川吉宗治下的一场朝鲜药材调查。研究发现,在18世纪,日本本草学由主要依靠文献逐渐转变为主要依靠视觉信息开展研究。日本的博物学家们在面对各种动植物时,越来越重视准确描述感官所觉察到的特征。动植物不单作为“药材”,也作为“事物”被对待,每一个体的形状、色彩和性质等都被仔细、严格地观察和考证。这种研究方法可以说是18世纪日本博物学的特点,揭示了中国的本草学传统在东亚的书籍流通过程中是如何发生改变的。In the eighteenth century,Japanese honzogaku(bencao study,the study of materia medica)gradually changed from the tradition of textual practice involving Chinese books and names therein to more practical mode of study with much emphasis on sensory and visual information.Such underlying transition is well reflected in the research practice honzo scholars have taken,which introduced more real observations,put more emphasis on accurate visual description and paid attention to specimens and material artefacts.Using the“Record of Medicinal Ingredients”in the Documents in Tsushima Souke Bunko as a primary material,this essay examines a Japanese project to survey species of plants and animals in Korea under the rule of Tokugawa Yoshimune during the Edo period,shedding light on the tendency to focus on accurately describing the appearance and visual characteristics of animals and plants.Its discussion on the one hand reconsiders how such a tendency of heavy emphasis on observation and description in the study of nature came about and discusses the significance of circulation of texts in the tradition of East Asian materia medica knowledge and revisits the social and cultural conditions of‘scientificity’in the context of East Asia.

关 键 词：江户时代 本草学 药材研究 东亚 科学史 对马岛宗家文书 

分 类 号：R281.3[医药卫生—中药学]