考虑通行能力和排队延误的公交停靠系统优化  

Optimization of bus stop system considering capacity and queuing delays

作　　者：张文会[1] 伊静 ZHANG Wen-hui;YI Jing(School of Traffic and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学交通学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2024年第1期146-154,共9页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572021DT09);教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(17YJCZH250)。

摘　　要：为提高常规公交车进出停靠站的通行效率,降低公交车排队延误时间和交通影响,提出增加公交停靠站泊位和控制公交车到达率的优化方法。首先,构建公交车进出停靠站的基本过程,建立单泊位和多泊位公交停靠站的通行能力计算模型,利用排队理论系统地分析公交车进站排队特征。其次,调研公交车进出停靠站的数据,获得公交车数量、乘客上下车时间和停靠时间等基本数据。然后,通过Matlab软件对模型进行数值模拟,获得排队系统稳定状态下公交车平均到达率、泊位数、公交停靠时间对公交车排队延误时间的影响。最后,考虑通行能力和排队延误,提出公交停靠站的最优泊位数量和公交到达率,并以实例验证优化结果的可行性。研究结果表明,停靠泊位数量和公交车到达率优化后,调研停靠站的通行能力提高10%以上,排队延误降低70%以上。In order to improve the transit efficiency of conventional buses entering and leaving stops,reduce the queue delays and traffic impact,two optimization methods for increasing berths of bus stops and controlling arrival rates of buses were proposed in this study.Firstly,the basic process of buses entering and exiting bus stops was constructed,the capacity calculation models for single-berth and multi-berth bus stops were established,and the queuing characteristics of bus entry were systematically analyzed using queuing theory.Next,the data on buses entering and exiting stops was investigated to obtain basic data including bus number,time for passengers to get on and off the bus,bus stopping time,etc.The model was numerically simulated by Matlab to obtain the effect of average arrival rate of buses,number of bus berths and bus stopping time on queuing delays in the steady state of the queuing system.Finally,the optimal number of berths and arrival rates at bus stops were proposed considering capacity and queuing delays,and the feasibility of the optimization results was verified with examples.The results show that theoptimization of the number of bus berths and arrival rates of buses has increased the capacity of the stops studied by over 10%and reduced queuing delays by over 70%.

关 键 词：城市交通 泊位优化 排队理论 公交停靠站 通行能力 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]