晚播对低氮处理下苦荞早衰及产量形成的影响  

Effects of Late Sowing on Premature Senescence and Yield Formation of Tartary Buckwheat under Low Nitrogen Treatment

作　　者：李振东 龙梦千 郭溶誉 何佩云 黄凯丰 黄小燕 Li Zhendong;Long Mengqian;Guo Rongyu;He Peiyun;Huang Kaifeng;Huang Xiaoyan(Technology Research Center of Buckwheat Industry,School of Life Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550001)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,荞麦产业技术研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第7期2361-2367,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目([2020]1Y048,[2021]一般271);贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2018]015);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2019]11-6号)共同资助。

摘　　要：为明确晚播对低氮条件下苦荞早衰和产量的影响,以耐低氮苦荞品种‘黔苦5号’为试验材料,在不施氮肥的条件下设置4个播期8月29日(B1)、9月4日(B2)、9月10日(B3)、9月16日(B4)处理,研究其对各生长期的叶绿素含量、叶片抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量、根系活力及根系形态、农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:随播期推迟,叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素逐渐下降;叶片SOD、POD活性先上升后下降,丙二醛含量逐渐升高;根系形态、植株高度及根系活力随播期推迟逐步降低;单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重及亩产量随播期推迟逐渐降低。因此,晚播会加快低氮条件下苦荞衰老程度,产量下降,因此贵州地区秋季苦荞晚播时间在8月29日至9月4日之间较好,并为贵州地区实行苦荞三季种植的可行性提供一定参考。To determine the effect of late sowing on premature senescence and yield of Tartary buckwheat under low nitrogen conditions,a variety of Tartary buckwheat with low nitrogen tolerance,'Qianku5'was selected as the experimental material.Four sowing dates were set under the nitrogenous fertilizer-free condition,including August 29(B1),September 4(B2),September 10(B3),and September 16(B4),to investigate the effect of different sowing dates on chlorophyll content,antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content in leaves,root activity and morphology,agronomic traits and yield in different growth periods.The results demonstrated a gradual decline in content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid,a first rise and then fall in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and a gradual rise in malondialdehyde content in leaves,a reduction in root morphology,plant height and root activity,and a decrease in number and weight of seeds per plant,thousand-grain weight and yield per mu,with the delaying of sowing dates.Conclusion:Late sowing would accelerate the senescence of Tartary buckwheat and decrease the yield under low nitrogen conditions.Therefore,the favorable late sowing time of Tartary buckwheat in autumn is August 29 to September 4 for Guizhou,which can provide a reference for the feasibility of triple-cropping of Tartary buckwheat in Guizhou.

关 键 词：苦荞 低氮 播期 衰老 产量 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学]