内蒙古草原煤矿区排土场不同规格树枝沙障的防风效益  

Windproof Efficiency of Tree Branch Sand Barriers with Different Sizes at the Dump Area of Coal Mining in Inner Mongolian Grassland

作　　者：丛龙宇 许丽 张春良 陈翔 刘瑞瑶 CONG Long-yu;XU Li;ZHANG Chun-liang;CHEN Xiang;LIU Rui-yao(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,College of Desert Management,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China;Key Laboratory of Wind and Sand Physics of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolian Grass Ecological Environment(Group)Ltd.,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区风沙物理学重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第2期141-147,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：内蒙古典型矿区生态修复技术集成与示范(2020ZD0020)。

摘　　要：为探究草原煤矿区排土场边坡不同规格机械沙障的防风效益,以排土场边坡设置的树枝沙障为研究对象,对不同规格(0.5 m×0.5 m、1.0 m×1.0 m、1.5 m×1.5 m)高度为30 cm的树枝沙障内不同高度(10、20、30、50、200 cm)的风速进行测定,同时以未铺设沙障的边坡作为对照,比较分析3种规格沙障防风效能、空气动力学粗糙度和风速廓线特征。研究表明,3种规格沙障的防风效能表现为0.5 m×0.5 m>1.0 m×1.0 m>1.5 m×1.5 m,且均在10 cm高度处防风效能最为显著,其防风效能随着高度的增加呈减小趋势;空气动力学粗糙度和摩阻风速均表现为0.5 m×0.5 m>1.0 m×1.0 m>1.5 m×1.5 m>对照;不同沙障的风速廓线在50 cm高度内均呈现出不规则的“S”形曲线变化特征,50 cm高度以上风速廓线与对照相似。结果显示0.5 m×0.5 m树枝沙障防风效益最好,可有效改善近地表土壤风蚀情况,建议在草原煤矿区排土场推广设置。In order to explore the windproof benefits of mechanical sand barriers with different sizes at the dump slope of coal mining in Inner Mongolian grassland,tree branch sand barriers with different sizes(0.5 m×0.5 m,1.0 m×1.0 m and 1.5 m×1.5 m)and brand height of 30 cm were designed on the dump slope.Wind speeds at different heights(10,20,30,50,200 cm)within the branch sand barriers were measured.The slope without setting sand barrier was taken as the control to compare and analyze the windproof efficiency,aerodynamic roughness and wind speed profile characteristics of the sand barriers with three sizes.The results showed that the windproof efficiency of the three sand barriers was in the order of 0.5 m×0.5 m>1.0 m×1.0 m>1.5 m×1.5 m,the windproof efficiency was most significant at the height of 10 cm and tended to decrease with the increase of the height being measured.Both aerodynamic roughness and friction speed showed 0.5 m×0.5 m>1.0 m×1.0 m>1.5 m×1.5 m>control.The wind speed profiles of different sand barriers showed an irregular"S"curve within 50 cm height,and above 50 cm height were similar to the control.To sum up,the size 0.5 m×0.5 m branch sand barrier has the best windproof effect,which can effectively improve the wind erosion of the near-ground surface soil.It is recommended to promote setting in the grassland coal mining area.

关 键 词：草原 沙障 排土场 防风效能 空气动力学粗糙度 

分 类 号：S775[农业科学—森林工程]