改革开放以来家庭教育指导制度的演变、问题与完善——基于制度变迁理论的分析  

The Evolution,Problems,and Improvement of the Family Education Guidance System Since the Reform and Opening up--Based on the Institutional Change Theory

作　　者：田汉族[1] 邹昌跃 Tian Hanzu;Zou Changyue(Capital Normal University,Beijing 100037)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院,北京100037

出　　处：《当代教育论坛》2024年第2期27-35,共9页forum on contemporary education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年度重点项目“构建覆盖城乡的家庭教育指导服务体系研究”(编号:20AZD074)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国家庭教育指导制度的演变经历了制度化探索、规范化和法制化三个阶段。制度供给重心从家校共育到家校社合作再到家校社政一体,具有从追求家庭教育的内部收益到追求外部收益和整体收益的动力特征,从学校资源开发到多方积极参与的过程特征,以及以强制性制度变迁为主导,由局部制度变迁带动整体制度变迁的方式特征。当前,家庭教育指导制度面临配套制度供给不足、政策执行乏力和部分制度实效性不强的问题,根源在于权力分配机制不顺、利益调整机制不全以及忽视非正式制度变迁的作用。进一步完善家庭教育指导制度,需要强化政府责任,鼓励制度协同创新,探索有效激励机制,提高政策宣传与执行力度。Since the reform and opening up,the evolution of China’s family education guidance system has gone through three stages:institutionalized exploration,standardization,and legalization.The focus of institutional supply has shifted from family school co-education to family school social cooperation,and then to the integration of family school social government.It has the driving characteristics of pursuing internal benefits of family education,external benefits,and overall benefits;the process features from school resource development to active participation from multiple parties,with mandatory institutional changes as the dominant factor and local institutional changes driving overall institutional changes.At present,the family education guidance system is facing problems such as insufficient supply of supporting systems,weak policy implementation,and insufficient effectiveness of some systems.The root cause lies in the lack of smooth power distribution mechanisms,incomplete interest adjustment mechanisms,and the neglect of the role of informal institutional changes.To further improve the guidance system for family education,it’s necessary to strengthen government responsibility,encourage collaborative innovation of systems,explore effective incentive mechanisms,and enhance policy promotion and implementation.

关 键 词：家庭教育指导 家庭教育政策 制度变迁 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]