西方制裁背景下俄罗斯高等教育发展新趋势  

New Trends of Russian Higher Education Development under the Background of Western Sanctions

作　　者：元璠璠 王建华[2] YUAN Fanfan;WANG Jianhua(School of Education,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450001;School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210097)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学教育学院,河南郑州450001 [2]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第3期74-84,共11页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：2022年度河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目“俄罗斯世界一流大学建设新路径及启示研究”(项目编号:2022CJY056)。

摘　　要：俄乌冲突爆发后,俄罗斯高等教育因西方国家的隐性制裁而面临发展危机。欧洲组织终止俄罗斯在博洛尼亚进程中的代表权,停止与俄罗斯高校的合作,禁止向俄罗斯高校提供财政支持;欧美世界大学排名机构停止对俄罗斯高校的宣传,欧美主导的数据库关闭俄罗斯高校访问通道,欧美企业停止向俄罗斯科教机构供应高精设备。俄罗斯高等教育面临退出博洛尼亚进程、学生国际流动受限、高校国际宣传减弱和科研发展受阻等考验。作为应对,俄罗斯高等教育形成了学制上的本土化、国际交流上的向非西方国家转移、学术科研上的自主化等趋势。虽然这些趋势可以暂时缓和俄罗斯高等教育发展危机,但是同西方教育与科学世界的长期脱钩,势必会影响该国高等教育的发展进程。After the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,Russian higher education faced a development crisis due to the implicit sanctions of the western countries.For example,the European Organization terminated Russia's representation in the Bologna Process,stopped cooperation with Russian universities,and prohibited financial support to Russian universities;European and American world college and university rankings institutions stopped promoting Russian universities,European and American led databases closed access by Russian universities,and European and American enterprises stopped supplying high-precision equipment to Russian science and education institutions.Russia's higher education faces the challenges of withdrawing from the Bologna Process,limiting the international flow of students,weakening the international publicity of colleges and universities,and blocking the development of scientific research.As a response,Russian higher education has formed such trends as localization of school system,"from west to east"transfer in international exchanges,and autonomy in academic research.Although these trends can temporarily ease the crisis of Russian higher education development,the long-term derailment from the western education and scientific world will inevitably affect the development process of the country's higher education.

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 俄罗斯高等教育 博洛尼亚进程 高等教育国际化 

分 类 号：G649.512[文化科学—高等教育学]