“人本转向”下的城市步行环境测度与评价方法研究进展  

Review on measurement and assessment methods for urban walking environment in the context of"human-oriented turn"

作　　者：杨文越 朱钰娴 YANG Wenyue;ZHU Yuxian(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第3期75-88,共14页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJC840032);广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2021WTSCX013);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011259)。

摘　　要：对城市步行环境已有研究进行梳理,将其测度和评价方法归纳为客观和主观2大类。客观方法主要从中宏观尺度对城市步行适宜性进行测度,对微观步行环境的测度相对较薄弱;主观方法则主要应用于中微观尺度步行环境评价,不仅关注行人对客观建成环境的主观感知,同时还考虑了个人的步行能力、步行偏好以及社会经济属性的影响。在具体方法和数据方面,客观测度方法主要基于GIS技术和数据,主观评价方法主要基于问卷量表和实地参与式手段。研究方法的发展趋势方面,随着3D GIS模型、街景图像数据和机器学习方法的应用,客观方法开始从二维平面的步行适宜性测度转向三维立体测度,研究尺度亦从中宏观转向微观的人本尺度,从人本视角考虑更多精细化、满足视觉审美需求的步行环境要素;主观方法则转向结合机器学习、大数据算法、虚拟现实技术和可穿戴式生理传感器等新的技术与方法获取行人对步行环境的主观感知。提出了人本转向下未来中国城市步行环境测度与评价的研究趋势。This study reviews the methods of measuring and assessing walking environments,which are classified into two categories:objective method and subjective method.The objective method is mainly based on GIS technology and data to measure neighborhood walkability at a meso or macro urban scale,which is relatively weak in measuring micro walking environment.The subjective method is mainly based on questionnaire scales and on-site participatory approaches to assess the walking environment at meso and micro scales,focusing on the pedestrian's subjective perception of the objective built environment,and considering the impact of individual walking ability,walking preference,and socio-economic attributes.With the rise and application of 3D GIS models,street view image data,and machine learning methods,objective methods have shifted from two-dimensional walkability measurement to three-dimensional measurement.Meanwhile,the research scale has also shifted from macro-scale to micro-scale,concentrating more on people and considering more refined walking environment elements that meet visual aesthetic needs from a human-oriented perspective.The subjective method turns to combine new technologies and methods such as machine learning,big data algorithm,virtual reality technology,and wearable physiological sensors to obtain the pedestrian's subjective perception of the walking environment.In the end,we propose future research trends and prospect the measurement and assessment of urban walking environments in China in the context of a human-oriented turn.

关 键 词：步行环境 步行适宜性 人本转向 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]