长进深型民居天井空间通风降温性能与形态尺度研究  

Study on Ventilation and Cooling Performance and Morphological Scale of Patio in Deep-plan Residential Buildings

作　　者：孙倩倩[1,2,3] 罗智星 白鲁建[1] SUN Qianqian;LUO Zhixing;BAI Lujian(Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an University of Architecture&Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China,Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学,西安710054 [2]西安建筑科技大学,西安710055 [3]西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室,西安710055

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第2期150-159,共10页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目“极端热湿气候区超低能耗建筑模式及科学基础”(51590913);教育部人文社科项目“低碳生态视野下陕南地区乡村民居气候适应机制与多目标优化设计研究”(23YJCZH194);海南省重点研发项目“热带建筑科学关键技术研究”(ZDYF2022SHFZ353);陕西省社会科学基金项目“绿色低碳视角下陕西农村住宅生态优化设计研究”(2022J052);陕西省自然科学基金项目“西部湿热湿冷地区乡村民居热湿环境调控机制与多目标优化设计研究——以陕南为例”(2024JC-YBQN-0493);陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项青年项目“绿色低碳背景下关中民居合院空间优化与性能提升研究”(2024QN12);陕西省教育厅基金项目“基于气候适应性的热气候区岛屿乡村民居更新设计研究”(20JK0237);西安科技大学哲社繁荣计划暨双碳与乡村振兴专题研究项目“‘双碳’背景下陕西地区乡村住宅生态设计模式研究”(2023SY01)。

摘　　要：天井在我国湿热地区长进深型民居中应用广泛,是获取自然采光和通风的重要空间。而在现代长进深型民居方案设计阶段,天井的设计原则尚不明确。为提升该类民居的室内热舒适性,实现新民居的绿色生态设计,研究采用热环境实测和CFD模拟的方法,探索天井的形态尺度与空间组织对主要建筑用房的通风降温性能影响作用。研究表明,与建筑朝向相比,天井对热环境的影响更为明显;距离天井越近的房间,室内热环境越优;天井顶部宜设计半开敞式覆顶构造,既遮蔽来自顶部的太阳辐射,又不影响空气流通;为营造良好的室内外热环境,天井顶部无覆顶时,宜采用倒漏斗形态,顶部设有半开敞式平覆顶时,宜采用顶前错位的天井空间形态;天井高度的增加,有利于降低室内外人体活动高度区域范围内的空气温度,其高度与进深(H/D)比例不应小于1,天井进深尺度过大,会增加北侧背风向房间的室内热不适。研究从定性和定量两方面,将天井的空间尺度形态等设计因素进行剖析,为长进深型新民居设计提供有益的指导建议,在设计阶段走绿色低碳可持续发展道路。Patio is widely used in deep-type dwellings in the hot and humid areas of China,and is an important space for natural lighting and ventilation.However,in the design stage of modern new residential buildings,the design principle of embedded inner patio is still unclear.In order to improve the thermal comfort of the long and deep residential buildings and realize the green ecological design of the new residential buildings,the research adopts the methods of thermal environment measurement and CFD simulation to explore the effect of the shape scale and spatial organization of the embedded inner patio on the ventilation and cooling performance of the main buildings.The research shows that compared with the building orientation factor,the patio is more effective in preventing heat;The closer the room to the patio,the better the indoor thermal environment;The top of the patio should be designed with a semi open roof cover plate to shield the solar radiation from the top without affecting the air circulation;The patio profile is designed to be narrow at the top and wide at the bottom to form an inverted funnel when there is no roof covering at the top,and to be misaligned towards the front at the top and towards the back at the bottom to form a staggered form when there is roof covering at the top,which is more conducive to creating a good indoor and outdoor thermal environment;The increase in the height of the patio is conducive to reducing the indoor and outdoor air temperature within the range of human activity height.The ratio of height to depth(H/D)should not be less than 1.If the depth of the patio is too large,it will increase the indoor thermal discomfort of the room facing the north leeward.From both qualitative and quantitative aspects,the patio will be studied in spatial scale form to provide useful guidance and suggestions for the design of new residential buildings of long and deep type,and take the path of green and low-carbon sustainable development in the design stage.

关 键 词：湿热气候 长进深民居 空间形态 通风降温 防热性能 

分 类 号：TU241.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]