农村文化适应与流动儿童宽容品质的关系:共情的中介和城市文化适应的调节作用  

The Relationship Between Rural Acculturation Urban Acculturation and Tolerance Character of Migrant Children

作　　者：张春妹[1] 黄许诺 Zhang Chunmei;Huang Xunuo

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院心理系

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2023年第2期245-270,320,共27页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(21FSHB012)的资助。

摘　　要：宽容是我国文化下非常重要的道德品质。为了从积极发展观的视角探讨流动儿童宽容品质的影响因素,本研究探讨了农村文化适应对流动儿童宽容品质的积极影响,以及共情的中介和城市文化适应的调节作用。本研究采用城乡文化适应量表、小学儿童宽容量表、人际反应指数量表,对武汉市一所流动儿童比例较高学校三年级至六年级的学生进行问卷调查,有效问卷388份,其中流动儿童191人。结果发现,农村文化适应与宽容、共情呈显著正相关;宽容与共情呈显著正相关;农村文化适应既会直接促进宽容,也可以通过共情的中介作用间接促进流动儿童的宽容;而对于非流动儿童,农村文化适应则完全通过共情的中介间接促进宽容;城市文化适应在流动儿童农村文化适应对共情的影响路径上具有调节作用,当城市文化适应比较低时,农村文化适应才会对共情具有明显的积极作用。研究证实了农村文化适应作为文化资源对于流动儿童宽容积极品质具有促进作用,同时城市文化适应作为文化背景和城市社会适应分别对流动儿童宽容品质具有复杂的作用,丰富了青少年积极发展观理论,并拓展了社会认知理论和生态社会环境理论。Tolerance is a very important moral character in Chinese culture and is a positive psychological quality that migrant children possess.In order to explore the factors influencing the tolerance character of urban migrant children who are disadvantaged children from the perspective of a positive developmental view this study explored the positive influence of rural acculturation on the tolerance character of migrant children and the mechanisms by which empathy and urban acculturation play a role on it.Using the Rural-Urban Acculturation Scale the Tolerance Scale for Elementary School Children and the Interpersonal Response Index Scale a questionnaire survey was conducted with 388 valid questionnaires from third to sixth grade students in a school with a high proportion of migrant children in Wuhan including 191 migrant children.The results found that rural acculturation was significantly and positively correlated with tolerance and empathy;tolerance was significantly and positively correlated with empathy;rural acculturation would promote tolerance both directly and indirectly through the mediation of empathy for migrant children;whereas for non-migrant children rural acculturation promoted tolerance exclusively and indirectly through the mediation of empathy;the effect of rural acculturation on empathy was moderated by urban acculturation in migrant children with rural acculturation having a significant positive effect on empathy only when urban acculturation is relatively low.The study confirms that rural acculturation as a cultural resource has a facilitating effect on the positive quality of tolerance in migrant children while urban acculturation as a cultural context and urban social adaption have complex effects on tolerance character in migrant children enriching the theory of positive developmental view of adolescents and expanding the social cognitive theory and ecological social environment theory.

关 键 词：宽容品质 农村文化适应 共情 城市文化适应 生态社会环境 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理] B842[社会学]