考虑扬声器指向性补偿的声场再现方法研究  

Research on Sound Field Reproduction Method Based on Directivity Compensation of Loudspeaker

作　　者：文新 吴海军[1] 范祎龙 蒋伟康[1] WEN Xin;WU Haijun;FAN Yilong;JIANG Weikang(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械系统与振动全国重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2024年第2期8-15,共8页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11874262);机械系统与振动全国重点实验室重点资助项目(MSVZD202101);上海商用飞机系统工程科创中心联合研究基金资助项目(CASEF-2022-M11)。

摘　　要：在实验室环境下精准再现基于测试或仿真的声环境,对降噪优化设计与声品质评价研究具有重要意义。常用的基于扬声器阵列的声场再现方法能在特定的空间区域内再现原始声场分布,提供更为真实的临场感和沉浸感,但扬声器的指向性特性较差会降低声场再现的精度。本文提出一种考虑扬声器指向性补偿的声场再现方法用于提高声场再现的精度。该方法基于扬声器指向性的声压表达模型,利用坐标变换的方法将空间观测点转换到以扬声器为中心的局部坐标系下,并采用插值的方法实现空间观测点的指向性补偿;最后采用声压匹配的方法求解扬声器驱动权重,实现声场的精准再现。开展基于仿真指向性补偿和实测指向性补偿的声场再现试验,结果表明考虑指向性补偿比不考虑补偿的声场再现精度平均提高了约22.37%,验证了所提声场再现方法的有效性。Accurate reproduction of sound environment based on test or simulation data in a laboratory is of great significance for low noise optimization design and sound quality research.Commonly used sound field reproduction method based on an array of loudspeakers can reproduce the original sound field distribution in a specific spatial area,providing a more realistic sense of presence and immersion,but the poor directivity characteristics of loudspeakers will reduce the accuracy of sound field reproduction.This paper proposes a sound field reproduction method considering directivity compensation of loudspeaker for improving the accuracy of sound field reproduction.Based on the sound pressure expression model of the loudspeaker directivity,the proposed method uses coordinate transformation to transform the spatial observation point into a local coordinate system centered on the loudspeaker,and then uses interpolation method to accomplish the directivity compensation of the spatial observation point;Finally,the sound pressure matching method is used to solve the speaker driving weights for achieving accurate sound field reproduction.The sound field reproduction experiments based on simulated and measured directivity are carried out.The results show that the sound field reproduction accuracy with directivity compensation is about 22.37%higher than that without compensation,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed sound field reproduction method considering directivity compensation of loudspeaker.

关 键 词：声学 声场再现 扬声器指向性补偿 扬声器阵列 插值 声压匹配 

分 类 号：TB535[理学—物理]