风力机叶片气动噪声风洞试验及数值计算  

Wind Tunnel Test and Numerical Calculation of Aerodynamic Noise of Wind Turbine Airfoils

作　　者：姜广 刘禹鹏 王振宇[2] JIANG Guang;LIU Yupeng;WANG Zhenyu(College of Civil Engineering,Shaoxing University of Liberal Arts and Sciences,Shaoxing 312000,Zhejiang,China;College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院土木工程学院,浙江绍兴312000 [2]浙江大学建筑工程学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2024年第2期280-287,共8页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779224,51579221);浙江省基础公益研究计划资助项目(LHZ19E090002)。

摘　　要：风力机叶片在运行时会产生明显的气动噪声。采用声学风洞开展NACA0012翼型气动噪声试验,获得不同风速下的气动噪声特征。建立基于大涡模拟的数值计算模型,进行升阻力系数对比验证和网格无关性分析。根据流场模拟结果和FW-H方程计算攻角为5°时风速10、15、20 m/s的叶片声压级,计算结果和声学风洞实测的声压级频谱整体趋势较吻合。进一步地,通过数值模拟对比研究不同叶片尺寸对流场和气动噪声的影响。根据不同风速下非定常流场的涡量云图,叶片流动分离点随风速增加而后移,旋涡尺度逐渐变小;同风速下,大尺寸叶片的分离涡更大一些,且涡核间距较大。根据数值模拟得到的不同尺寸叶片的声压级频谱图,叶片尺寸增大导致各频率声压级均有不同程度的提升,且频谱图中的声压级峰值向更低频移动。研究成果对于叶片气动噪声分析和声环境评估具有借鉴意义。Wind turbine blades can produce obvious aerodynamic noise during operation.The aerodynamic noise experiment of NACA0012 airfoil was carried out in an acoustic wind tunnel,and aerodynamic noise characteristics at different wind speeds were obtained.The numerical calculation model based on large eddy simulation was established.The lift-drag coefficients were verified,and the mesh independence was analyzed.According to the flow field simulation and FWH equation,the sound pressure levels of airfoils with an attack angle of 5°at 10 m/s,15 m/s and 20 m/s wind speeds were calculated respectively.The global trends of sound pressure level spectra acquired by numerical simulation and acoustic wind tunnel experiment are quite consistent.Furthermore,the effects of different blade sizes on the flow field and aerodynamic noise were studied by numerical simulation.According to the vorticity charts of unsteady flow field at different wind speeds,the flow separation point of the airfoil moves backward with the increase of wind speed,and the vortex scale gradually decreases.At the same wind speed,the separation vortex of large-sized airfoil is larger,and the distance between vortex cores is larger.According to the sound pressure level spectra of different size airfoils obtained by numerical simulation,the increase of airfoil size leads to the increase of sound pressure levels in broad frequency range,and the peak in the spectrum diagram moves to lower frequency side.The research results have a reference significance for blade aerodynamic noise analysis and acoustic environment assessment.

关 键 词：声学 气动噪声 声学风洞 值模拟 风力机叶片 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程] TK411.+6