金沙江流域干热河谷土壤肥力特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics of Soil Fertility and the Influencing Factors in the Hot-dry Valley of Jinsha River

作　　者：阮长明 王猛 孙永玉[3,4] 杜寿康 唐国勇 张春华 欧朝蓉 罗孔 RUAN Chang-ming;WANG Meng;SUN Yong-yu;DU Shou-kang;TANG Guo-yong;ZHANG Chun-hua;OU Chao-rong;LUO Kong(Liangshan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Xichang 615000,China;College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650233,China;Yuanmou Desert Ecosystem Research Station,Kunming 650233,China)

机构地区：[1]凉山彝族自治州林业草原科学研究院,四川西昌615000 [2]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [3]中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,云南昆明650233 [4]云南元谋干热河谷生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南昆明650233

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第1期93-101,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：林草科技创新平台运行项目(2022132108);云南省自然生态监测网络监测项目(2022-YN-07)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探明特殊生境土壤肥力的环境影响因子,为金沙江干热河谷植被恢复和生态治理提供基础和决策依据。【方法】在金沙江干热河谷上、中、下游共设置47个样地,通过野外调查、土壤采集和室内分析,对比研究其表层土壤肥力特征及其环境影响因子。【结果】①金沙江干热河谷上、中、下游土壤肥力受气候、植被等环境因子影响,上游土壤肥力特征优于中、下游,中游土壤肥力状态最差;②金沙江干热河谷土壤肥力受植被类型的影响较大,其中天然林土壤孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷含量等显著(P<0.05)高于稀树灌草丛,人工林土壤肥力在整体上也优于稀树灌草丛;③金沙江干热河谷海拔升高使环境温度降低、湿度增大、植被从稀树灌草丛向人工林和天然林逐渐过渡,导致土壤孔隙度和养分含量等土壤肥力特征随海拔升高而显著(P<0.05)提升;④金沙江干热河谷受光照、水分等条件影响,阴坡土壤肥力状况优于阳坡。【结论】金沙江干热河谷土壤肥力受不同区段、植被类型、海拔和坡向等环境因子的影响,其土壤肥力状态存在一定程度的区域差异。因此在金沙江干热河谷植被恢复和生态治理的实践中,应根据不同区段、植被类型、海拔、坡向等环境条件制定相应的植被恢复管理方案,这样才能获得更好的植被恢复效益。[Objective]The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental factors affecting soil fertility in special habitats,and to provide basis and decision-making basis for vegetation restoration and ecological management in the Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River.[Method]The surface soil fertility and their influencing factors were comparatively studied by field investigation,soil collection and laboratory analysis from 47 plots in the upper,middle and lower reaches in the Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River.[Result]①The soil fertility in the upper,middle and lower reaches in the Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River was affected by climate,vegetation and other environmental factors.The soil fertility in the upper reaches was better than that in the middle and lower reaches,and the soil fertility in the middle reaches was the worst;②The soil fertility in the Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River was significantly affected by vegetation types.The soil porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of natural forest were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of savannah,and the soil fertility of artificial forest was also better than that of savannah;③The increase of altitude in the Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River resulted in the decrease of ambient temperature,the increase of humidity,the gradual transition of vegetation from savanna to artificial forest and natural forest,and the soil fertility characteristics such as soil porosity and nutrient content increased significantly(P<0.05)with the increase of altitude;④The Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River was affected by light and water,which resulted in better soil fertility in the shade slope than in the sunny slope.[Conclusion]The study showed that the soil fertility in the Dry-hot valley of Jinsha River was affected by environmental factors such as different sections,vegetation types,elevation and slope direction.There were regional differences in soil fertility.Therefore,the corresponding vegetation restoration management scheme should be formulated accor

关 键 词：干热河谷 流域区段 植被类型 土壤肥力 环境因子 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]