论房屋强制执行中案外居住权人的保护  

On the Protection of Persons with the Right of Residence Outside the Case in the Enforcement of House

作　　者：张善斌[1] 翟宇翔 Zhang Shanbin;Zhai Yuxiang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2024年第4期78-86,共9页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“破产与担保制度协调的理论基础与实现路径研究”(22BFX078);国家留学基金委员会2023年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(202306270202)。

摘　　要：《民法典》新增的居住权制度旨在保障弱势群体的居住权利,但对于强制执行中居住权的处置缺少规定。判断案外人是否享有居住权,不仅应从形式标准判断其居住权是否设立,还应从房屋的使用状况、居住权的设立时间以及是否支付对价等方面对其真实性予以实质审查。根据物权的优先效力与顺位规则,案外人的居住权优先于执行申请人的债权与后设立的抵押权。居住权根据功能不同可分为人役性居住权和非人役性居住权。其中,人役性居住权以保障特定主体的基本生存居住为目的,其实现需要房屋所有人的配合,若案外人能够证明强制执行将妨害其人役性居住权实现,则可排除强制执行。在居住权不能排除强制执行时,设有居住权的房屋以“带居拍卖”为原则,仅在居住权影响在先抵押权实现时可“除居拍卖”。在“除居拍卖”时,居住权人有权要求相应补偿,或者可以向债权人代为履行并取得对房屋所有人的债权。无论采用何种拍卖方式,居住权人均应享有优先购买权。The new right of residence system in the Civil Code is designed to guarantee the right of residence of vulnerable groups,but there is no provision on the disposition of the right of residence in the case of enforcement.To determine whether an outsider enjoys the right of abode,not only should the formal criteria determine whether the right of abode has been established,but also the actuality of the right of abode should be substantively examined in terms of the status of the use of the house,when the right of abode has been established,and whether or not the consideration has been paid.According to the priority effect of the right of property and the rule of precedence,the right of residence of the outsider has priority over the execution of the applicant's claim and the later established mortgage.According to the different functions of the right of abode can be divided into servitude right of abode and non-servitude right of abode,of which,servitude right of abode to ensure the basic survival of a particular subject for the purpose of residence,the realization of which requires the cooperation of the owner of the house,if the outsider can prove that the enforcement will hinder the realization of the servitude right of abode,then can be excluded from the enforcement.When the right of abode cannot be excluded from enforcement,the house with the right of abode is subject to the principle of“auction with abode”,and only when the right of abode affects the realization of the prior mortgage may be“auctioned without abode”.In the case of an“auction with removal”,the owner of the right of occupancy has the right to demand appropriate compensation,or he can perform on behalf of the creditor and obtain a claim against the owner of the house.Regardless of the method of auction,the occupier is entitled to a right of first refusal.

关 键 词：《民法典》 居住权 强制执行 案外人异议之诉 强制拍卖 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]