亚临界流体萃取缬草精油工艺优化及其成分分析  

Optimization of subcritical fluid extraction of Valerian officinalis essential oil and its components analysis

作　　者：谭云 吴红[1,2] 黎继烈[3] 申爱荣 TAN Yun;WU Hong;LI Jilie;SHEN Airong(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource,Changsha 410004,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,长沙410004 [2]木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室,长沙410004 [3]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《中国油脂》2024年第3期6-11,共6页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201404608)。

摘　　要：为了开发一种萃取条件温和、得率高的缬草精油提取工艺,以缬草根为原料,采用亚临界流体萃取缬草精油。以缬草精油得率为考察指标,通过单因素试验探讨了萃取溶剂、液料比、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取次数的影响,进而采用均匀设计法优化亚临界流体萃取缬草精油的工艺条件,并运用GC-MS分析缬草精油的组成成分。结果表明:亚临界流体萃取缬草精油的最佳工艺条件为以丁烷为萃取溶剂、萃取压力0.47 MPa、萃取温度47℃、液料比11∶1、萃取时间25 min、萃取次数4次,在此条件下缬草精油得率达到(3.383±0.004)%;亚临界丁烷萃取的缬草精油中共鉴定出57种成分,主要成分为乙酸龙脑酯,相对含量为29.63%,关键药理成分缬草醛和缬草素相对含量分别为2.28%和0.25%。综上,亚临界丁烷萃取缬草精油得率高,缬草精油中含有一定量的缬草醛和缬草素,具有潜在的产业化应用价值。In order to develop an extraction process of Valerian officinalis essential oil with mild extraction conditions and high yield,Valerian officinalis essential oil was extracted by subcritical fluid with Valerian officinalis root as material.The effects of extraction solvent,liquid-solid ratio,extraction time,extraction temperature,extraction pressure and extraction times were investigated by single factor experiment with the yield of Valerian officinalis essential oil as index.Then the process conditions of extracting Valerian officinalis essential oil with subcritical fluid were optimized by uniform design experiment,and the components of Valerian officinalis essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that the optimum conditions for Valerian officinalis essential oil extracted by subcritical fluid were obtained as follows:with butane as extraction solvent,extraction pressure 0.47 MPa,extraction temperature 47℃,liquid-solid ratio 11∶1,extraction time 25 min and extraction times 4.Under the optimum conditions,the yield of Valerian officinalis essential oil reached(3.383±0.004)%.The total of 57 components were identified in the subcritical butane extracted Valerian officinalis essential oil,and bornyl acetate(29.63%)was the main component.As well as the key pharmacological components valeraldehyde and valerin were detected in Valerian officinalis essential oil,with the relative contents of 2.28% and 0.25%,respectively.In summary,subcritical butane extraction of Valerian officinalis essential oil has potential industrial application value with a high yield and a certain amount of valeraldehyde and valerin contained in the oil.

关 键 词：缬草精油 亚临界流体萃取 均匀设计 缬草醛 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS224[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]