2016—2020年重庆市教师肺结核病例特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among teachers in Chongqing from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：廖文平 刘英 汪清雅 LIAO Wenping;LIU Ying;WANG Qingya(Chongqing TB Control and Prevention Institution,Chongqing 400050,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市结核病防治所,重庆400050

出　　处：《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》2024年第1期11-15,20,共6页Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases

基　　金：重庆市结核病防治所科研项目(项目编号:2022CQJFS02)。

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市教师肺结核病流行病学特征,为进一步促进学校结核病防控工作提供参考依据。方法导出2016—2020年结核病管理信息系统中登记的重庆市教师肺结核患者病案资料及重庆市统计年鉴中各级各类学校专任教师数,分析教师肺结核患者登记情况、流行病学特征及诊断延迟情况等,使用SPSS 25.0软件进行χ^(2)检验及趋势χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2016—2020年重庆市教师肺结核患者登记率为26.31/10万;病原学阳性登记率为8.20/10万,呈逐年上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=15.485,P<0.001);患者男、女性别比为0.93∶1;年龄以40岁以下为主;时间分布无明显季节性;在地区分布上,渝东北三峡库区城镇群患者构成比最高;不同教育阶段患者登记率由高到低依次为普通小学(30.75/10万)、普通中学(27.97/10万)、幼儿园(23.71/10万)和普通高等学校(11.82/10万),登记率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.533,P<0.001),普通高等学校登记率明显较低;发现方式以被动发现为主;平均就诊延迟天数中位数为39 d,就诊延迟率为60.72%,5年间就诊延迟率整体呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=5.369,P=0.021);平均确诊延迟天数中位数为23 d,确诊延迟率为16.48%。结论重庆市教师肺结核患者登记情况不容乐观,需引起高度重视。加强师生同防同治,对控制学校结核病疫情具有重要意义。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in teachers of Chongqing,and to provide reference for further promoting the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools.Methods The medical records of tuberculosis patients of teachers in Chongqing registered in the tuberculosis management information system from 2016 to 2020 were collected,and the number of full-time teachers at all levels and in all types of schools in the Chongqing statistical yearbook were obtained.The registration,epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of teachers with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed.SPSS 25.0 was used for Chisquare test and trend Chi-square test,andα=0.05 was the test level.Results From 2016 to 2020,the registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among teachers in Chongqing was 26.31/105;and the registration rate of positive pathogens was 8.20/105,showing an increasing trend year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=15.485,P<0.001).The sex ratio of the patients was 0.93∶1;the age of the patients was mainly under 40 years;and the time distribution of the cases was not seasonal.In terms of regional distribution,the proportion of patients was the highest in town groups of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Northeast Chongqing.The registration rates of cases with education levels from high to low were ordinary primary schools(30.75/105),ordinary middle schools(27.97/105),kindergartens(23.71/105)and ordinary colleges and universities(11.82/105),with the statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=23.533,P<0.001).The registration rate of ordinary colleges and universities was significantly lower.Passive detection was the main way of finding cases.The median number of days of health-care seeking delay was 39 days,and the health-care seeking delay rate was 60.72%.The overall delay rate of health-care seeking in five years showed a downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=5.369,P=0.021).The median number of days of diagnosis delay was 23 days,the diagnosis delay rate was 16.48%.Conclusi

关 键 词：肺结核 教师 流行病学 诊断延迟 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]