三轴数控机床几何误差分析及建模  

Analysis and modeling of geometric errors in three-axis computer numerical control machine tools

作　　者：黄梦翔 牛兴华[1,2] 牛俊青 高义然 王向东 朱浩铭 HUANG Mengxiang;NIU Xinghua;NIU Junqing;GAO Yiran;WANG Xiangdong;ZHU Haoming(Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学天津市先进机电系统设计与智能控制重点实验室,天津300384 [2]天津理工大学机电工程国家级实验教学示范中心,天津300384

出　　处：《天津理工大学学报》2024年第1期22-29,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Technology

基　　金：科技重大专项课题(2015ZX04005001)。

摘　　要：机床几何误差具有稳定性、重复性和易测量等特点,对其进行建模和补偿,是提高数控(computer numerical control,CNC)机床加工精度最经济且有效的方式之一,在研究CNC机床几何误差时,建立准确可靠的几何误差模型具有重大意义。文中基于多体系统理论,运用低序体阵列描述三轴CNC机床的拓扑结构,应用齐次坐标变换矩阵和机床刀具运动传递链、工件运动传递链中各相邻体在运动过程中的运动传递关系,将机床几何误差沿运动误差传动链累积变换到刀具相对于工件的误差上,最终建立三轴CNC机床几何误差模型。该研究为三轴CNC机床的几何误差补偿提供理论依据。Machine tool geometry errors have characteristics such as stability,repeatability and ease of measurement.Modeling and compensating for these is one of the most economical and effective way to enhance the machining accuracy of Computer Numerical Control(CNC)machine tools.In the process of studying CNC geometric errors,it is very important to create an accurate and reliable geometric error model.Based on the theory of multibody system,the topology of three-axis CNC machine tools is described by using low order body array in this paper.By applying the odd matrix homogeneous coordinate transformation and the motion transfer relation between adjacent bodies in the machine tool motion transfer chain and the working piece motion transfer chain during the movement,the accumulated transformation of machine tool geometric errors are coordinately transformed along the motion error transmission chain to the error of the tool relative to the work piece and a three-axis CNC machine tool geometric errors model is established.The study provides a theoretical basis for geometric error compensation of three-axis CNC machine tools.

关 键 词：机床几何误差 多体系统理论 三轴数控(CNC)机床 齐次坐标变换 运动传递 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]