中西比较语境下的中国古代历史思维整体性析论  

An Analysis and Discussion of the Totality of Ancient Chinese Historical Thinking in the Comparative Context of China and the West

作　　者：张作成 Zhang Zuocheng

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学世界文明史研究中心,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第4期127-136,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“20世纪中外历史书写中的‘现代’话语研究”(22JJD77018)。

摘　　要：历史思维的整体性是一个历史认识论问题,涉及中西史学比较的主体与客体、语言与实在的关系。在中国,《周易》奠定了历史思维整体性的哲学基础,《史记》则是表现历史思维整体性的代表性史学文本。在《史记》中,历史思维的整体性表现在三个方面:从古代到现代的长时段时间观念;历史叙事的最大空间跨度;涵盖多方面内容的纪传体历史书写体裁。历史思维的整体性是中西史学比较中的一个跨文化话语。在西方,波利比乌斯《通史》是体现西方历史思维整体性的典型文本。《史记》与《通史》孕育于东西方具有帝国性质的历史空间中,就两者体现的历史思维整体性的际遇而言,《史记》与《通史》在中国与西方史学史上具有不同的延展曲线。The totality in historical thinking is related to the historical epistemological issue of the relationships between subject and object,language and reality in the comparison of Chinese historiography and Western historiography.In China,Zhouyi(Book of Changes) establishes the philosophical foundation for the totality of historical thinking in the history of Chinese historical philosophy.Records of the Grand Historian is a representative historical text that represents the totality of historical thinking.In Records of the Grand Historian,the totality of historical thinking is manifested in three aspects:the concept of long-term time from ancient times to modern times,the largest spatial span of historical narrative,and the genres of historical writing that covers multiple aspects of reality.The totality in historical thinking is a cross-cultural discourse in the comparison of Chinese historiography and Western historiography.In the West,The Histories written by Polybius is a typical text reflecting the totality in Western historical thinking.Records of the Grand Historian and The Histories were conceived in the historical space of imperial nature in both the East and the West.In terms of the fate of the totality in historical thinking embodied in these two historigraphic works,Records of the Grand Historian and The Histories have different extension curves in the history of Chinese and Western historiographies.

关 键 词：历史思维 整体性 司马迁 波利比乌斯 历史书写体裁 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]