早期阿尔茨海默病患者嗅觉功能障碍及其检测  

Olfactory dysfunction and its detection in patients with early Alzheimer's disease

作　　者：胡杨 周怡民 申美伦 尚梦娟 韩倩 刘昳宏 郭莹 项捷 邢俊玲 HU Yang;ZHOU Yimin;SHEN Meilun;SHANG Mengjuan;HAN Qian;LIU Yihong;GUO Ying;XIANG Jie;XING Junling(Department of Radiation Medical Protection,School of Military Preventive Medicine,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;No.3 Cadet Regiment,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;Department of Neurobiology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学军事预防医学系辐射防护医学教研室,陕西西安710032 [2]空军军医大学基础医学院学员三大队,陕西西安710032 [3]空军军医大学基础医学院神经生物学教研室,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《空军军医大学学报》2024年第4期461-464,471,共5页Journal of Air Force Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82001127,31671089)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)为老年期常见的神经退行性疾病,由于病程不可逆,故早期发现与诊断对于延缓疾病进展至关重要。嗅觉障碍是AD患者的早期症状之一,本文梳理了相关患者嗅觉障碍的主客观检测方法,发现早期AD患者嗅觉识别能力显著降低,但是通过嗅觉记忆检测来进行早期AD的预测仍有较大挑战。结合对嗅觉评价的客观指标,我们发现,AD患者多个嗅觉相关功能脑区的功能性磁共振成像信号降低,而脑电图的嗅觉事件相关电位中P2及P3波的潜伏期显著延长。以上检测技术在早期AD的诊断中均有较好前景,有助于及时采取针对性干预措施,减少AD发病率和公共卫生负担。Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a common neurodegenerative disease in old age.Given the irreversible course of AD,early detection and diagnosis are crucial for delaying the progression of the disease.Dysosmia is one of the early symptoms of AD patients.This paper summarized the subjective and objective detection methods of dysosmia in relevant patients,and found that dysosmia was significantly enhanced in early AD patients,but it was still a big challenge to predict early AD through olfactory memory detection.Combined with objective indicators of olfactory evaluation,we found that functional magnetic resonance imaging signals in multiple olfactory functional brain regions were reduced in AD patients,while the latency of P2 and P3 waves in EEG olfactory event-related potentials was significantly prolonged.The above detection techniques have a good prospect in the early diagnosis of AD,which is conducive to take timely targeted intervention measures to reduce the incidence of AD and the public health burden.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 嗅觉检测 早期诊断 功能性磁共振 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]