关于多缝衍射中“缺级”表述的分析与讨论  

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ABOUT THE EXPRESSION OF“MISSING ORDERS”IN MULTI-SLIT DIFFRACTION

作　　者：刘力 LIU Li(School of Physics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学物理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第1期41-44,共4页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：在大学物理教学中,部分教材与教案为了描述多缝衍射中干涉条纹与衍射条纹的重叠,将干涉极大与衍射极小重合时的现象表述为“缺级”,即本应出现的干涉极大在衍射极小的作用下缺失了。然而,干涉极大是否真的缺失了呢?深入的分析与实验表明“缺级”这一表述主要是基于肉眼的观测,是一种不太严格但形象的描述。从更为严谨的角度出发,所谓“缺级”其实是衍射极小对干涉极大的“劈裂”,使得原本的干涉极大发生分裂,分裂后的强度变小,宽度变窄,从而在视觉上变得难以察觉。In the teaching of college physics,some textbooks and lecture describe the overlapping of interference fringes and diffraction fringes in multi-slit diffraction by referring to the phenomenon of“missing orders”when the interference maximum coincides with the diffraction minimum.This means that the interference maximum that should appear is missing due to the effect of the diffraction minimum.However,is there really a lack of extreme intervention?In-depth analysis and experiments show that the expression“missing order”is mainly based on naked visual observation,which is a less rigorous but vivid description.From a more rigorous point of view,the so-called“missing order”is actually the“splitting”of interference maxima the minimal diffraction,causing the original interference maximum to split,resulting in a decrease in intensity and a narrowing in width,and making it difficult to detect visually.

关 键 词：光的干涉 多缝衍射 缺级 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O436.1-4[文化科学—教育学]