杨氏双缝干涉实验中引入偏振片的教学思考及分析  

THE TEACHING REFLECTION AND ANALYSIS ON INTRODUCING POLARIZERS IN THE YOUNGS DOUBLE-SLIT INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT

作　　者：李智强 高云 王伟宇 李磊[1] 闫明宝 范琦 LI Zhiqiang;GAO Yun;WANG Weiyu;LI Lei;YAN Mingbao;FAN Qi(Fundamentals Department,Air Force Engineering University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710051;Information and Navigation College,Air Force Engineering University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710077)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军空军工程大学基础部,陕西西安710051 [2]中国人民解放军空军工程大学信息与导航学院,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第1期148-152,共5页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：将偏振片引入杨氏双缝干涉实验,并讨论不同组合时干涉条纹的规律,是一道很有意义的习题,然而,常见的解答——“无固定相位差”,对问题的本质认识不够深入。本文运用马吕斯定律和波的叠加原理,计算了叠加后的衬比度。定量计算表明,在杨氏双缝干涉实验中,引入三个偏振片时,没有干涉条纹的物理实质是存在投影相位差,并且指出,在这一问题中,投影相位差是干涉条纹存在与否的决定性因素。文章物理图像直观,适合在课堂教学中运用,清晰地展示投影相位差的作用,也有助于学生对光源发光机理、干涉、偏振的概念以及偏振光干涉的深入理解与运用。It is a meaningful exercise that discussing the patterns of interference fringes in case introducing polarizers into the Young's double slit experiment while different combinations.However,“no fixed phase difference,”the commonly seen answer,does not fully understand the essence of the problem.By utilizing Malus's Law and the principle of wave superposition,this paper calculates the resulting contrast after superposition.Quantitative calculations demonstrate that when three polarizers are introduced in Young's double-slit interference experiment,the physical reason for the absence of interference fringes is the existence of a projection phase difference.Moreover,it is emphasized that in this context,the projection phase difference is the determining factor for the presence or absence of interference fringes.The article provides a clear and intuitive physical image,suitable for classroom teaching,displaying the role of the projected phase difference and aiding students in gaining a deeper understanding and application of concepts related to light emission mechanisms,interference,polarization,and the interference of polarized light.

关 键 词：杨氏双缝干涉实验 偏振片 马吕斯定律 叠加原理 衬比度 投影相位差 

分 类 号：G642.4[文化科学—高等教育学] O436-4[文化科学—教育学]