跨境数据流动中的管辖权冲突及其协调  

Jurisdictional conflicts and coordination in cross-border data flow

作　　者：袁康[1] 赵宛如 YUAN Kang;ZHAO Wanru(School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国家网络安全学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期66-76,共11页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目:科学构建数据治理体系研究(21JZD036)。

摘　　要：在数字经济时代,为了实现跨境数据流动中的国家利益,各国借助数据立法单方扩张本国的域外管辖范围,因此司法管辖权与执法管辖权的行使面临与他国管辖权冲突的危险。云计算技术的不断发展,数据与领土连接的弱化,冲击了传统管辖权理论在数据领域的直接适用。据此,可以依据国家管辖权的具体权能,从立法、司法和执法三个角度对数据流动中出现的管辖权冲突进行讨论。首先,数据立法模式上,数据全球化与数据本地化的分歧暗含着管辖权全面积极冲突的危险;其次,数据域外法权制约共识的松动与国家数据管辖能力的天然差异,决定了国际礼让原则与不方便法院原则在数据管辖权冲突协调上的局限性;最后,在数据跨境执法问题上,数据流动导致的域内与域外界分困难造成了公约机制的适用困境,各国执法管辖权开始突破传统的域外行使规则,数据执法管辖权出现“长臂化”倾向。尽管目前已经出现了相关的学说以及国际实践,但这部分内容对数据流动中出现的管辖权冲突问题,并未进行全然回应或提出具体协调路径。因此,还需要充分顾及跨境数据流动本身的特性以进行调整,限制数据域外立法范围,并据此在坚持属地最高原则的基础上重塑数据属地管辖规则,同时推动各国积极构建跨境数据调取机制,为管辖权冲突提出有效的协调路径。In the digital economy era,countries are leveraging legislation to unilaterally expand their extraterritorial jurisdictions over cross-border data flows to serve national interests.Consequently,the exercise of jurisdiction is imperiled by potential conflicts with other countries’asserted jurisdictions.The development of cloud computing technologies and the attendant deterritorialization of data pose challenges to the direct application of traditional jurisdictional theories in the data domain.Accordingly,jurisdictional conflicts in data flow can be systematically examined from the legislative,judicial and enforcement perspectives.Firstly,in terms of data legislation models,the divergence between data globalization and data localization implicitly contains the risk of comprehensively jurisdictional conflicts.Secondly,the relaxation of consensus on extraterritorial jurisdiction beyond data domains determines the limitations in reconciling the principles of international comity and forum non conveniens in conflicts related to data jurisdiction.This relaxation is accompanied by inherent disparities in national data jurisdiction capabilities.Finally,in the realm of extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction in the datasphere,the diversity arising from the flow of data across domestic and international boundaries poses challenges to the effective application of treaty mechanisms.Nations are progressively transcending conventional extraterritorial prerogatives,pursuing the global application of domestic legislation through law enforcement agencies,and demonstrating a trend towards the“long-arm”extension of data law enforcement jurisdiction.While there have been relevant scholarly theories and international practices,this facet has not presented a comprehensive response or outlined specific strategies for managing the jurisdictional conflicts inherent in the dynamics of data flow.Therefore,it is necessary to further consider the inherent characteristics of cross-border data flow to make relative adjustments and rest

关 键 词：跨境数据流动 数据管辖权 管辖权冲突 域外管辖 

分 类 号：D915[政治法律—诉讼法学] D997[政治法律—法学]