声音地图:元素解析与符号化方法研究  

Of Sound Maps:Methods of Element Analysis and Symbolization

作　　者：吴明光[1,2,3] 孙彦杰 路威 王静文 WU Mingguang;SUN Yanjie;LU Wei;WANG Jingwen(College of Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of Communication Engineering,Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing 210001,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210023 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023 [4]中国人民解放军陆军工程大学通信工程学院,南京210001

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2024年第1期56-71,共16页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971417、41571433)。

摘　　要：声音地图在描述自然人文环境、记录历史文化、辅助城市规划等方面有着较大的应用潜力。当前的声音制图以噪音制图为主,对声音景观的关注不够,还存在声源数据获取成本高,听觉信息难以视觉表达等问题。针对上述问题,本文提出一种利用带位置标签的声音数据进行声音制图的方法。首先,综合声音景观理论和城市印象理论,梳理出声音地图的四类构成元素:声音标志、声音路径、声音区域和背景声音。然后引入深度学习、空间聚类等方法,设计了从带位置标签的声音数据中解析声音地图元素,提取声音类型、声压级、频率以及情感的技术方法。在此基础上引入联觉的概念,设计了声音标志点符号、声音路径线符号和声音区域面符号,给出了它们的多变量颜色编码方案。最后,以南京仙林大学城为例,对所提出的数据分析和符号化方法进行了实验验证,结果表明本文方法在有效性和效率均优于象形符号方法。本文所提出的方法有望丰富声音数据的分析手段、丰富声音的符号化方法。Sound maps have great potential for a series of application,such as describing natural and humanistic environments,recording history and culture,and assisting urban planning,etc.However,current sound maps are dominated by the topic of noise mapping,with insufficient attention to various sound landscapes.Sound maps should not only focus on the location and physical properties of sound,but also involve people's experience and emotion of the sound environment.They also suffer from high cost of acquiring sound source data and much difficulty of visualizing auditory attributes.To address those issues,this paper proposes a sound mapping method by using geo-tagged sound data.Firstly,we sort out four types of constituent elements of sound maps from the theory of sound landscape and the image of city:sound landmark,sound path,sound area,and background sound.Then,deep learning and spatial clustering methods are then introduced to parse sound map elements from geo-tagged sound data and extract sound attributes such as types,sound pressure levels,frequencies,and emotions.On this basis,the idea of synaesthesia and metaphor are introduced to design symbols of sound landmarks,sound paths,and sound areas.Multivariate color-coding schemes are also crafted to colorize those sound symbols.Finally,the proposed data analysis and symbolization methods are experimentally evaluated by using Nanjing Xianlin University Area as an example.And from the four tasks of listening matching,recognition,comparison,and distribution,the performance of the proposed method and the pictographic-based method is compared and evaluated.The results show that the proposed method outperforms the pictographicbased method in both effectiveness and efficiency.The method proposed in this paper is expected to enrich the means of sound data analysis and sound symbolization.In future studies,the method could be applied to the preservation of sound intangible cultural heritage and urban planning.

关 键 词：声音地图 声音景观 声音情感 联觉 声音符号 声音属性分析 地图符号设计 多变量符号设计 

分 类 号：P283.1[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]