轮轨高频激励下高速列车制动盘模态振动及疲劳损伤研究  

Modal Vibration and Fatigue Damage of High Speed Train Brake Disc under High Frequency Wheel-rail Excitation

作　　者：孙嘉毅 秦浩 朱海燕 SUN Jiayi;QIN Hao;ZHU Haiyan(School of Mechanical and Electrical and Vehicle Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《机械工程师》2024年第4期113-116,共4页Mechanical Engineer

基　　金：高等学校大学生实践创新训练项目“轮轨高频激励下高速列车制动盘模态振动及疲劳损伤机理研究”(S202210404040);载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室开放课题(KLCE2021-11)。

摘　　要：轴装制动盘是高速列车制动系统最关键的部件,是保证高速列车在紧急情况下安全停车的重要保障。文中基于车轮多边形和钢轨波磨引发的轮轨高频激励对高速列车轴装制动盘振动进行分析,得到轴装制动盘3个方向的振动加速度时域图和频域图。在振动加速度的基础上,对轴装制动盘进行振动模态仿真,分析前6阶振动模态,最后通过疲劳理论分析轴装制动盘在振动加速度影响下的疲劳损伤和寿命。研究结果表明,轮轨高频激励对轴装制动盘的垂向振动加速度影响最大,而对横向振动加速度影响最小;由此产生振动模态从第5阶开始产生严重的变形,因此要避免共振带来的影响;整个紧急制动过程中,轴装制动盘因振动而产生的疲劳应力和疲劳损伤分布趋于一致,最后影响制动盘的疲劳寿命分布,在制动盘的内侧更容易出现振动带来的损伤。Axle mounted brake disc is the most critical component of high-speed train braking system,which is an important guarantee for high-speed train to stop safely in emergency.Based on the wheel polygon and the high frequency wheel-rail excitation caused by rail wave wear,this paper analyzes the vibration of the shaft-mounted brake disc of high-speed train,and obtains the time-domain and frequency-domain graphs of the vibration acceleration of the shaft-mounted brake disc in three directions.On the basis of vibration acceleration,the vibration mode simulation of the axle brake disc is carried out,and the first six vibration modes are analyzed.Finally,the fatigue damage and life of the axle brake disc under the influence of vibration acceleration are analyzed through the fatigue theory.The results show that the wheel-rail high frequency excitation has the greatest effect on the vertical vibration acceleration of the axle mounted brake disc and the least effect on the lateral vibration acceleration.The resulting vibration modes begin to produce serious deformation at the 5th order,so the influence of resonance should be avoided.During the whole emergency braking process,the distribution of fatigue stress and fatigue damage caused by vibration of the axle brake disc tends to be the same,and finally affects the distribution of fatigue life of the brake disc,and the inner side of the brake disc is more susceptible to the damage caused by vibration.

关 键 词：制动盘 轮轨激励 振动加速度 模态分析 振动疲劳 

分 类 号：U260.35[机械工程—车辆工程]