语言共性与汉语二语者多项状语语序习得  

Language universals and acquisition of multi-adverbial word orders by Chinese second language learners

作　　者：王姗姗 周小兵 WANG Shanshan;ZHOU Xiaobing

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系 [2]北京语言大学教师教育学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2024年第2期274-288,共15页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：本文通过纸笔测试,考察母语为印尼语、泰语和韩语的汉语二语者多项状语语序的习得状况。研究发现:二语者的多项状语序列受象似性的强势影响,呈现出与“轨层结构”的高度一致性,即多项状语的表层排序与其到核心动词的语义距离基本一致;同时,象似性的上述影响不受母语背景、语言水平和状语位置分布的调节,却受到状语组合类型的调节,反映出不同动因之间的竞争。随着语言水平的变化,状语内部的移动轨迹呈现出某些特点:时位、处所与其他状语连用时,倾向于左置于核心;处所、工具和方式状语连用时,音节数量短的倾向于左移,体现了可别度领前和依存距离最小化的类型普遍共性。This paper examines the acquisition of multi-adverbial word orders by Chinese second language learners whose mother tongue is Indonesian,Thai or Korean through a paper-and-pencil test.The results show that the multiple adverbial sequences of second language learners are strongly influenced by the Principle of Iconicity,showing a high degree of consistency with the“Track Layer Structure”;that is,the surface order of multiple adverbials is basically consistent with their respective semantic distance to the core verb.Meanwhile,the above influence of Iconicity is not regulated by the mother tongue background,language proficiency level or the distribution of adverbial positions,but regulated by the combination type of adverbials,which reflects the competition among different motivations.With the change of language proficiency level,the internal moving track of adverbials shows some characteristics:when combined with other adverbials,Time and Location tend to be placed before the core verb;when used in conjunction with adverbs of Location,Instrument and Manner,the adverbials with a small number of syllables are likely to move leftward,which reflects language universals of the Identifiability Hierarchy and Dependency Distance Minimization.

关 键 词：语言共性 轨层结构 象似性 多项状语语序习得 汉语二语 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]