基于气候实验室的民机整机发动机低温启动实验  

Full scale civil aircraft engine cold start experiment in climatic environmental test laboratory

作　　者：马建军[1] 吴敬涛[1] 杜文辉 王嘉玺 都亚鹏 MA Jianjun;WU Jingtao;DU Wenhui;WANG Jiaxi;DU Yapeng(Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Science and Technology for Static/Fatigue of Full-Size Aircraft Structures,China Aircraft Strength Research Institute,Aviation Industry Corporation of China,Limited,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空工业集团有限公司中国飞机强度研究所全尺寸飞机结构静力/疲劳航空科技重点实验室,西安710065

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2024年第2期235-247,共13页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：基础科研(JCKY2020205B029)。

摘　　要：为解决在密闭大型气候实验室极端低温环境下,进行民机整机发动机低温启动实验带来的强扰动和安全性问题,基于实验室现有能力条件,从发动机尾气排放和极端低温空气补偿两方面开展了民机整机发动机低温启动实验技术研究。对于发动机尾气排放,提出了针对大涵道比涡扇发动机的尾气“分割排放”概念和排放质量流量预估方法,降低了从实验室排放的低温空气质量流量。对于空气补偿,采用液氮作为冷源将实验室外常温空气冷却至极端-50℃低温并持续补充进实验室,补偿排放损失、维持实验室内低温环境稳定和室内外压力平衡,保障实验安全。基于该项技术,在国内首次成功实施了民机整机-40℃发动机低温启动适航符合性实验,实验结果表明:飞机低温冷浸时间10 h,实验全过程室内温度波动在±3℃以内;与常温下相比发动机启动功能和性能无明显衰减。该项实验的成功为其他民机在实验室内开展发动机低温启动实验和相关适航标准规范的制定提供了实践依据和技术储备。In order to solve the strong disturbance and safety problems caused by the extreme low temperature start up experiment of the full-scale civil aircraft engine in the closed large climatic environmental test laboratory,based on existing capabilities of the laboratory,the aircraft engine cold start experiment technology was developed from two aspects:engine exhaust gas discharge and low temperature air make-up.In the aspect of engine exhaust gas discharge,a concept of“split discharge”and a discharge air flow rate estimation method for high bypass ration turbofan engines were proposed,which reduced the low temperature air flow discharged from the laboratory.In the aspect of low temperature air make-up,liquid N2 was used as a cold source to cool down the normal temperature air outside the laboratory to extremely low temperature of−50℃and continuously replenish it into the laboratory to make up for discharge losses,and maintain the stability of the low temperature environment in the laboratory and the balance of indoor and outdoor pressure for the experiment safety.For the first time in China,the airworthiness compliance experiment of the full-scale civil aircraft at−40℃ engine low temperature startup was successfully carried out.The experiment result showed that:the aircraft cold soak time continued 10 h and the experimental temperature fluctuated within±3℃ during the whole experiment process;compared with normal temperature,the engine starting function and performance had no obvious degradation.The success of this experiment has provided a practical basis and technical reserve for other full-scale civil aircraft to carry out engine cold start experiment in the laboratory and formulate relevant airworthiness standards and specifications.

关 键 词：气候实验室 民机整机 冷浸透 大涵道比涡扇发动机 低温启动 

分 类 号：V216.5[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]