秘密磨改碑碣与清乾隆朝的文化控制  

Secret Destroying and Reengraving Steles and the Cultural Control in the Qianlong Era of Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张振国 Zhang Zhenguo

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《史学史研究》2024年第1期93-104,共12页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“清代文官月选与日常政务运作研究”(项目编号:23BZS088)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《四库全书》的纂修是中国历史上一次大规模的书籍整理运动,也使书籍文献遭受巨大破坏。除查禁书籍外,一些碑刻遗文亦遭受厄运。乾隆四十年代初期,经马兰镇总兵奏请,在直隶、山西、盛京三省掀起一股磨改“违碍”碑碣的浪潮。三省各派专人,逐地勘核,根据对象性质和材质不同,或磨毁石碑,或改刻碣文,或更换村名,或熔铸铜像。相较于禁毁书籍,磨改碑碣将目标深入到当时社会的最基层,成为清朝思想文化控制体系的重要部分,对民间文献的存续和民俗文化的流传产生深远影响。这是《四库》禁毁行为的一次扩展和延伸,标示在中国传统社会晚期,朝廷控制地方社会的手段愈加多样,控制地方社会的程度愈益深入。The compilation of SIKUQUANSHU is a big operation,while a number of books are corrected in compilation,besides that,some steles are destroyed at the same time.In the late 1770s,some“illegal”steles were wore down and reengraved in Zhili,Shanxi,and Shengjing provinces in accordance with the imperial edict of Qianlong Emperor which was ordered according to the request of Regional Commanders of Malan.In this process,some steles were wore down or rewritten,some villages changed names,and some bronze statues were destructed.Comparing with destructing books,the goal of changing steles was to control the grass⁃roots level of society at that time.These were important measures of cultural control in the Qing Dynasty,which affected the preservation of folk literature and the spread of folk culture.These actions are an expansion of the destruction of SIKUQUANSHU,indicating that in the late period of imperial China,the means by which the government controlled local society were diversify and deeper.

关 键 词：乾隆朝 《四库全书》 磨改碑碣 文化控制 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]