脱“土”入“洋”:近代“国货”概念的现代性内涵  

Breaking away from“Traditional”to“Modern”:the Modernity Connotation of the Concept of“Domestic Products”in Modern China

作　　者：王楠 WANG Nan

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第4期46-55,共10页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要：自洋货开始在近代中国行销并占据市场优势地位后,与之相对的土货被认为需要通过仿造洋货加以改良,这种认识与民族主义思潮合流催生了“国货”概念。随着民族资本主义的发展,特别是机器工厂的普及,国货概念的核心逐渐偏向机器制品,着重以现代技术为规范。然而,因很多国货对外国资金、原料、技术等的依赖,加之城乡经济结构的失衡,国货代表的现代化路径一度遭遇质疑,因此有些人转而提倡限定为手工制品的土货,弃用与洋货难以分辨的国货。这些质疑源自城乡背离的危机,深刻体现了后发型现代化国家的困境,但未能撼动国货象征的工业化发展方向,且深化了国货与土货的分野,反向确认了国货为机器制品的概念。Since the foreign products began to sell in modern China and occupied a dominant position in the market,the native products were considered to be improved through the form of imitation of foreign products.This understanding and nationalist ideology merged to give birth to the concept of“domestic products”.With the development of national capitalism,especially the popularization of machine factories,the core of the concept of“domestic products”gradually favored machine products and focused on modern technology as the norm.However,due to the dependence of many domestic products on foreign capital and raw materials,as well as the imbalance between urban and rural economic structures,the path of modernization represented by domestic products was once questioned,and therefore some people turned to advocate native products limited to handmade products,abandoning domestic products,which were indistinguishable from foreign products.These questioning stemmed from the crisis of urban-rural alienation,which profoundly reflected the predicament of late-modernizing countries,but failed to shake the direction of industrial development symbolized by domestic products,and deepened the distinction between domestic products and native products,inversely confirming the notion of domestic products as machine-made products.

关 键 词：国货 洋货 土货 现代性 近代工商业 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]