利用环境DNA技术评估局域陆生植物群落的多样性  

Assessment of Diversity of Local Terrestrial Plant Communities by Environmental DNA Technology

作　　者：李应 王诗怡 黎洁 许晓兰 崔德桥 许慧娴 李晨荣 王健 Li Ying;Wang Shiyi;Li Jie;Xu Xiaolan;Cui Deqiao;Xu Huixian;Li Chenrong;Wang Jian(Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan,School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2024年第2期41-52,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：海口市重点科技创新项目(2022-013);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32160719);海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2022XDNY179)。

摘　　要：环境DNA(eDNA)已成为许多学科和地区评估生物多样性的重要工具,然而,在热带地区利用空气eDNA进行陆生植物多样性监测方面的研究却鲜有报道。为验证热带地区利用空气eDNA检测植物物种多样性的可行性,在海南大学(海甸校区)校园布设了空气eDNA收集器,风速在0~3.5 m·s^(-1)之间,分为7个时间收集eDNA,采用改良的DNA提取方式,选用Rbcl作为扩增引物进行研究。实验结果表明,采用自制的空气eDNA装置以及改良DNA提取方法,可以捕获符合测序质量要求的eDNA;通过对收集到的eDNA进行测序分析,共检测2262个OTUs(operational taxonomic units),注释到44科543属841种植物,远高于已有的校园植物记录;eDNA技术对孢子类植物和风媒花植物检测率约为55.5%,并未明显高于其他类别植物;7个处理共有的OTUs为171个,第10天获取的OTUs数量、生物多样性指数等都最高。本研究表明,在热带地区使用空气eDNA技术来研究和监测陆地植物种类具有可行性。Environmental DNA(eDNA)has emerged as a crucial tool for assessing biodiversity across various disciplines and regions.However,there has been limited research on using airborne eDNA for terrestrial plant diversity monitoring in tropical areas.To assess the feasibility of utilizing airborne eDNA to detect plant species diversity in tropical regions,we deployed eDNA collectors at Hainan University(Haidian Campus),with wind speeds ranging from 0~3.5 m·s^(-1).We collected eDNA samples at seven different time points and employed an improved DNA extraction method,with Rbcl chosen as the amplification primer for our study.Results indicated that using homemade airborne eDNA devices and an enhanced DNA extraction method enabled the capture of eDNA meeting sequencing quality requirements.Sequencing analysis of collected eDNA revealed a total of 2262 operational taxonomic units(OTUs),annotated to 841 plant species from 543 genera across 44 families,far surpassing existing campus plant records.Detection rates of spore-bearing plants and wind-pollinated flowering plants using eDNA technology were approximately 55.5%,not significantly higher than other plant categories.The shared OTUs a mong the seven treatments totaled 171,with the highest OTU count and biodiversity index observed on the 10th day.Our study suggests the feasibility of using airborne eDNA technology for studying and monitoring terrestrial plant species in tropical regions.

关 键 词：空气环境DNA 植物多样性 多样性监测 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]