氯氰菊酯对脊尾白虾的致死和毒性效应研究  

Lethal and Toxic Effects of Cypermethrin on Exopalaemon carinicauda

作　　者：胡杰 齐丽华 郭业鹏 曹瑞 蔡月凤 Hu Jie;Qi Lihua;Guo Yepeng;Cao Rui;Cai Yuefeng(School of Marine Science and Fisheries,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Lianyungang 222005,China;Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Provincial Marine Bio-industry Technology,Lianyungang 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院,连云港222005 [2]江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室/江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室,连云港222005 [3]江苏省海洋生物产业技术协同创新中心,连云港222005

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2024年第2期311-323,共13页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX(21)3156,CX(22)2032);江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(202211641160Y)。

摘　　要：氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin,CYP)是农业生产活动中常用的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,对水生甲壳动物具有高毒性。为探究氯氰菊酯对海洋甲壳动物的毒性作用,本研究以脊尾白虾为研究对象,通过96 h-LC 50与环境浓度相结合,探究了不同浓度氯氰菊酯暴露10 d后,对脊尾白虾肝胰腺组织结构及损伤水平、解毒代谢过程和抗氧化能力的影响,以及组织内钠钾ATP酶(Na+/K+-ATPase)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE)的活性,获得氯氰菊酯暴露下脊尾白虾毒理响应特征。研究结果显示,氯氰菊酯对脊尾白虾24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h的LC 50分别为65、50、38和32 ng·L^(-1),属于剧毒物质。不同浓度氯氰菊酯暴露6 d后,脊尾白虾肝胰腺组织结构被破环,出现基膜断裂、空泡化及细胞坏死等现象。16 ng·L^(-1)和32 ng·L^(-1)氯氰菊酯暴露下,脊尾白虾Ⅰ相代谢酶7-乙氧基-异吩噁唑酮-脱乙基酶(ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase,EROD)和Ⅱ相代谢酶谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)活性表现出先升高后抑制的趋势;在16 ng·L^(-1)氯氰菊酯暴露下,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性抑制诱导交替出现,而过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性和总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)均出现先诱导后抑制现象;机体内的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine,8-OHdG)含量显著高于对照组水平,且具有剂量依赖效应;32 ng·L^(-1)氯氰菊酯暴露下,Na+/K+-ATPase和AChE活性在实验周期内均被显著抑制。综上所述,氯氰菊酯对脊尾白虾属于剧毒物质,暴露会导致脊尾白虾肝胰腺不同程度的组织结构损伤,引起体内产生氧化应激响应,造成生物大分子氧化损伤,影响解毒代谢过程,导致机体渗透压调节的失衡和神经信号传导紊乱。本研究结果补充了氯氰菊酯对海洋甲壳动物的急性毒性数据,为近岸海域和河口区SPs的生态风险评估提供Cypermethrin(CYP)is a kind of pyrethroids insecticide commonly used in agricultural production,which is highly toxic to aquatic crustaceans.In order to investigate the toxic effects of CYP on marine crustaceans,our study took Exopalaemon carinicauda as the study model.By combining 96 h-LC 50 with environmental concentration,the shrimp was exposed to different concentrations(8 ng·L^(-1),16 ng·L^(-1) and 32 ng·L^(-1))for 10 days,the effects of which on hepatopancreas tissue structure,damage level,detoxification metabolism and antioxidant levels were determined;meanwhile,Na+/K+-ATPase activity in gill tissue and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activity in muscle tissue were also determined,so as to obtain physiological response characteristics of CYP.The results showed that 24 h-LC 50,48 h-LC 50,72 h-LC 50 and 96 h-LC 50 of E.carinicauda was 65 ng·L^(-1),50 ng·L^(-1),38 ng·L^(-1) and 32 ng·L^(-1) for CYP,which belonged to the highly toxic substances.After exposure to CYP at different concentrations for 6 days,hepatopancreas tissue structure was broken,basal membrane rupture,vacuolation and cell necrosis occurred.Exposure to 16 ng·L^(-1) and 32 ng·L^(-1) of CYP,the activity of phaseⅠmetabolizing enzyme 7-ethoxy-isooxazolone-deethylase(EROD)and phaseⅡmetabolizing enzyme glutathione S-transferase(GST)increased first and then decreased.Oxidative stress-related index superoxide dismutase(SOD)under 16 ng·L^(-1) CYP exposure showed inhibition and induction,while the activity of catalase(CAT)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)showed inhibition after induction.Malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)contents showed a dose-dependent effect and significantly increased with the increase of concentration.Na+/K+-ATPase and AChE activities were significantly inhibited during the whole exposure phase after 32 ng·L^(-1) CYP exposure.In summary,CYP is a highly toxic substance to white shrimp,and exposure to CYP will cause varying degrees of tissue structural damage to the hepatopancreas of white shrimp;it wi

关 键 词：氯氰菊酯 脊尾白虾 急性毒性 氧化应激 神经毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]