禅化自然中的和风美学--论蕉门俳谐中的“闲寂”意境及其佛禅因子  

Japanese Aesthetics in Zen Naturalization:On the Artistic Conception of"Leisurely Quietness"and Its Buddhist and Zen Factors in Matsuo Basyou's Haiku

作　　者：张慧佳[1] 张宇 ZHANG Huijia;ZHANG Yu(School of Literature and Journalism,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《绵阳师范学院学报》2024年第4期100-106,共7页Journal of Mianyang Teachers＇ College

基　　金：湖南省教育科学“十四五”规划课题“课程思政视域下汉语言文学专业人才文化认同多维建构研究”(XJK22QGD002);湘潭大学研究生教学改革研究项目“‘新文科’背景下研究生科研创新能力培养路径研究--以《比较文学专题研究》课程教学为例”(YJG20210005)。

摘　　要：日本“俳圣”松尾芭蕉的俳谐作品具有浓厚的“闲寂”色彩,俳句的意象组合与情感表达独具中世和风之美。“闲寂”意境集中体现了松尾芭蕉的创作理念与处世态度,同时作为日本民族传统审美意识的缩影,其对后世的日本文学创作产生了长远影响。这种中世审美意境的形成,与松尾芭蕉对佛教禅宗的理解密不可分。松尾芭蕉早年接触佛教,在接受中国佛教禅宗的过程中独创出了“闲寂”境界,这为蕉门俳谐的创作提供了丰富的精神养料。“闲寂”意境与佛禅因子相互融合,并在后来的蕉门俳谐论--“侘寂”中大放异彩,其中的“虚实”“风雅”与“不易·流行”理论皆蕴含着“闲寂”意境以及对俳谐禅意的哲学阐释。The works of the Japanese"haiku sage"Matsuo Basyou have a strong tint of"leisurely quietness",and the combination of images and expression of emotions in haiku show the unique beauty of the Japanese Middle Ages.The artistic conception of"leisurely quietness"embodies Matsuo Basyou's creative philosophy and attitude towards life.In addition,as a microcosm of Japanese traditional aesthetic consciousness,it has exerted a longterm influence on the subsequent creation of Japanese literature.The emergence of this aesthetic conception in the Middle Ages was closely related to Matsuo Basyou's understanding of Zen Buddhism.In his early years,Matsuo Basyou came into contact with Buddhism,and in the process of accepting Chinese Zen Buddhism,he created a unique realm of"leisurely quietness",which provided a rich spiritual nourishment for the creation of Matsuo Basyou's haiku.The artistic conception of"leisurely quietness"is integrated with Buddhist and Zen factors,and shines brightly in subsequent Matsuo Basyou's haiku theory of"Wabi-Sabi".Implied in the"Emptiness and Real⁃ity""Elegance"and"Instantaneous and Eternal"are the artistic conception of"leisurely quietness"and the philo⁃sophical interpretation of haiku's Buddhist mood.

关 键 词：松尾芭蕉 闲寂 佛教禅宗 侘寂 

分 类 号：I106.2[文学—世界文学]