人工合成小麦和地方品种穗发芽抗性育种利用效率  

Utilization Efficiency of Improving the Resistance for Pre-Harvest Sprouting by Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat and Chinese Wheat Landrace

作　　者：刘泽厚 王琴[1] 叶美金 万洪深[1] 杨宁 杨漫宇[1] 杨武云[1] 李俊[1] LIU ZeHou;WANG Qin;YE MeiJin;WAN HongShen;YANG Ning;YANG ManYu;YANG WuYun;LI Jun(Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Environmentally Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066;College of Chemistry and Life Sciences,Chengdu Normal University,Wenjiang 611130,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/粮食作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室,成都610066 [2]成都师范学院化学与生命科学学院,四川温江611130

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第7期1255-1266,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200603);国家自然科学基金(U22A20472);四川省科技计划(2022ZDZX0014,2022NSFSC0161);四川省财政专项种源1+3关键核心技术攻关项目。

摘　　要：【目的】小麦穗发芽是影响小麦产量和品质的重要限制因子。具有抗穗发芽特性的人工合成小麦和地方品种是改良栽培小麦穗发芽抗性的重要基因资源,通过分子标记辅助选择转育人工合成小麦和地方品种穗发芽抗性位点,评价人工合成小麦和地方品种导入系抗穗发芽育种利用效率,筛选抗穗发芽小麦新材料,为小麦穗发芽抗性育种提供数据和材料支撑。【方法】以抗穗发芽的人工合成小麦SYN792和四川地方品种涪陵须须麦为母本,以穗发芽敏感品种川麦45为轮回亲本,构建2个BC1F7群体。2017年,通过整穗发芽鉴定法对2个BC1F7群体的1796个株系进行穗发芽表型初筛,然后利用与人工合成小麦PHS-3D和地方品种PHS-A1穗发芽抗性位点连锁的SSR标记进行分子标记选择,筛选出整穗发芽率(SGR)小于35%且携带PHS-3D和PHS-A1抗性位点的导入系;2018和2019年,连续2年对初筛选出的PHS-3D和PHS-A1导入系进行整穗发芽率、籽粒发芽指数(GI)和产量相关性状鉴定,其中,籽粒发芽鉴定试验设置25℃(18GI)和32℃(19GI)2个发芽温度。通过不同环境下穗发芽抗性和产量数据,分析人工合成小麦和地方品种导入系抗穗发芽育种利用效率,筛选抗穗发芽且综合性状好的优异导入系。【结果】经整穗发芽鉴定初筛,从1796个衍生系中筛选出SGR值小于35%的株系537个;进一步对筛选出的537个株系进行分子标记检测,发现332个株系导入了人工合成小麦PHS-3D和地方品种PHS-A1穗发芽抗性位点,包括人工合成小麦导入系73个、地方品种导入系259个;地方品种PHS-A1导入系的频率显著高于人工合成小麦PHS-3D导入系。2018和2019年通过对332个穗发芽抗性位点导入系穗发芽鉴定发现,不同年份穗发芽指标间均呈极显著正相关,穗发芽指标SGR和GI表现出相对稳定的趋势;人工合成小麦和地方品种导入系的3个穗发芽指标平均值(18GI、18SGR和19SGR)【Objective】Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)is a serious limiting factor for wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)grain yield and end-use quality.Synthetic hexaploid wheats(SHW)and wheat landraces(WL)are important germplasm resources for improving PHS resistance in wheat.The objective of this study is to utilize PHS-resistant loci from SHW and WL for breeding PHS-resistant elite materials,which will provide a theoretical basis for improving PHS resistance of wheat cultivars.【Method】In this study,SYN792(a synthetic hexaploid wheat from CIMMYT)and Fulingxuxumai(a Chinese wheat landrace)were used as female parents to cross and backcross with Chuanmai 45(a sensitive variety to PHS),respectively.Two BC1F7 populations including 1796 lines were established.Seed germination index(GI)and seed germination rate of each spike(SGR)in different environments were used to evaluate PHS resistance.Two germination temperature of 25℃(18GI)and 32℃(19GI)were set to examine seed germinability in 2018 and 2019.1796 BC1F7 lines were evaluated preliminarily by SGR phenotype and molecular markers detection in 2017,and the introgression lines with PHS-3D and PHS-A1 resistant loci and SGR less than 35%were screened.Introgression lines with PHS-3D and PHS-A1 resistant loci were used to analyze utilization efficiency of SHW and WL in PHS-resistance breeding by identifying PHS-resistance and yield related traits in 2018 and 2019.【Result】PHS resistance of 1796 lines was evaluated preliminarily,and 537 lines with SGR value less than 35%were screened for further molecular marker detection.A total of 332 lines with PHS-3D and PHS-A1 were selected by SSR marker,and the frequency of WL introgression lines was significantly higher than that of SHW introgression lines.332 introgression lines were used to analyze PHS-resistance and yield related traits in 2018 and 2019.There was a significant positive correlation between different PHS indexes in different years,but there was no significant difference in the values of 18GI,18SGR and 19SGR between SHW and

关 键 词：小麦 人工合成小麦 地方品种 穗发芽 产量相关性状 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]