从双向生长理论模式看儿童动词短语结构的获得  

Exploring Children's Acquisition of Verb Phrase Structure from the Perspective of the Bidirectional Growth Model

作　　者：彭鹭鹭 胡建华 PENG Lulu;HU Jianhua(Beijing Information Science&Technology University;Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学 [2]广东外语外贸大学,广东省广州市510420

出　　处：《现代外语》2024年第2期172-184,共13页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“早期儿童句法结构的获得研究”(18YJC740074);国家社科基金重大项目“儿童语言发展的行为学和脑机制研究及临床应用与数据库建设”(23&ZD319)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文在双向生长理论模式的框架内,从跨语言比较的视角研究汉语和英语儿童动词短语结构层(即VP层)的获得与生长。通过考察三名北京儿童和CHILDES语料库一名英语儿童的语言发展跟踪数据,本文发现儿童在独词阶段主要产出VP层内的宾语和动词,在双词阶段则先产出动宾结构,后产出主谓结构,而且动宾结构的数量远远多于主谓结构。该研究发现说明,汉语儿童和英语儿童VP层的获得顺序具有相同的特点,即VP层内的动词和宾语先获得,主语后获得,VP层的获得以自下而上的顺序进行。本文指出,这一获得顺序具有跨语言的普遍性。VP层以自下而上的顺序浮现,符合双向生长模式对VP层获得顺序的预测,也与最简方案框架下VP层的派生过程一致。This paper investigates the growth of Verb Phrase(VP)in children from a cross-linguistic perspective within the Bidirectional Growth Model(BGM).After an in-depth analysis of three Mandarin-speaking children's longitudinal data at the one-word stage,we find that the nouns and verbs produced at the one-word stage should be treated as the object and the verb of VP structures respectively.When children at the two-word stage were able to produce sentences consisting of nouns and verbs,VO structures emerged earlier and were used more frequently than SV structures.These facts show that the object and the verb are the elements emerging earlier than the subject in VP structures,exhibiting a gradual bottom-up order of acquisition.A similar bottom-up order of acquisition in VP structures was also detected in the longitudinal data of an English-speaking child in CHILDES,indicating that the bottom-up order of acquisition of the VP holds cross-linguistically.The above finding is not only predicted by BGM,but also consistent with the bottom-up direction of structural building of VP structures under the Minimalist Program.

关 键 词：儿童语言 获得 动词短语结构层 双向生长模式 信息结构 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]